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英语听力—环球英语 620 Doing Many Things At One Time

时间:2011-11-22 08:25来源:互联网 提供网友:fei   字体: [ ]
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  Voice 1
Welcome to Spotlight1. I'm Joshua Leo
Voice 2
And I'm Liz Waid. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
Voice 1
New communication tools come out every day - phones for SMS and talking, and computers for email and instant2 messenger3. Many people use these tools at the same time, so that they can do more things at one time. A person may be sitting at home watching television. But he is also working on a laptop4 computer and sending text messages.
Voice 2
Technology makes it easier to do many things at one time. And many cultures push people to always be connected to some form of communication. Many people feel very comfortable doing all these things at the same time.
Voice 1
Many of us check our email and text messages many times during the day, sometimes many times an hour! We take short breaks from our work to visit websites and see what new things are happening. We may try to check email while talking on the telephone. We call this multitasking - doing many tasks, or jobs at the same time. But is this the best way to work? Today's Spotlight is on multitasking and how we can improve our ability to concentrate5.
Voice 2
At first, multitasking may sound like a good idea. If we can do two things at the same time, we can get more done. Two tasks done at one time would only take half the time. But scientists and brain experts say that this idea is a myth6. It is not true. Some experts even say that multitasking may damage the way the brain works7.
Voice 1
These scientists say that the human brain does not do many things at once very well. Instead, the brain moves from one thing to the other very quickly. Damon Young is a philosopher8. He wrote a book about the problem of multitasking. He told the BBC9,
Voice 3
"When we move from our job to an email, it takes about a minute for our brain to recover what we were thinking about. Then we get another email or message, so our concentration10 is broken. The result is that we are not really multitasking. We are moving between tasks in a bad way."
Voice 2
Studies show that when people move from one task to another quickly, they work quickly but get less done. Multitasking makes a person feel like they are busy doing a lot of work but they are really just busy trying to do the work. One study looked at the performance of students in a mathematics11 class. One group of students was forced to multitask while solving a mathematics problem. Another group was told to concentrate only on the problem. The multitasking group took forty percent more time and felt more emotional12 pressure.
Voice 1
One study even found that people who multitask often are worse at multitasking than other people. The scientists found that multitasking can change the way a person's brain works. Multitasking people have difficulty13 telling the difference between important and non-important information. They are less able to concentrate on only one thing.
Voice 2
But many people believe that multitasking is possible. Doctors agree, but only with particular things. John Duncan is a professor at Cambridge University in the United14 Kingdom. He says that success in multitasking depends on two things: Practice and the differences in the tasks, or jobs.
Voice 1
Many people multitask with success every day. Most people who drive cars can also talk with a friend while driving. When a person learns to drive, all their concentration goes to changing gears15 and making the correct turns. But when a person has been driving for many years, she can drive, change gears, listen to the radio, and talk, all at the same time. Professor Duncan says this is possible because of many years of driving practice.
Voice 2
But Professor Duncan also says that the tasks in multitasking must be different from each other. He says that the brain has very separate16 areas for different jobs. There are areas for language, areas for sound, areas for movement, and areas for images. The brain has an easier time doing two different things that use two different areas of the brain. Driving and talking do not use the same parts of the brain. But tasks like answering email and talking on the phone both use communication, speech, and words. The brain cannot manage both of these tasks at the same time.
Voice 1
So what can people do to fight against the problems of multitasking? People still have to do many things in a day. Here are some ways to concentrate better and get more work done.
Voice 2
Some experts suggest that people should do tasks for fifteen minutes at a time. Instead of checking your email ten times in an hour, write and read emails once for fifteen minutes. This gives your brain time to do each task well.
Voice 1
Plan different kinds of tasks next to each other. Follow a problem-solving task with a meeting with people. Plan a visual17 task after a listening task. This gives different areas of your brain time to rest.
Voice 2
Does your phone or computer makes a noise to let you know you have a new message? These noises force us to stop doing the task we are working on. They break our concentration. Turn off these sounds, and plan times to look for messages.
Voice 1
Create to-do lists. At the beginning of the day, make a list of the tasks you must do. Put the most important task at the top of that list. Do that task first. As you complete the tasks, cross them off the list.
Voice 2
Create a space that will help you concentrate. Work in a quiet place. Do not face doors or windows where you might see things that will take your mind away from your work. If your work does not depend on working with other people, separate yourself from them. Put a sign on your door to prevent people from breaking your concentration.
Voice 1
When you feel like you want to take a break or stop a task, use the "five more rule". Read five more pages. Do five more mathematics problems. Work five more minutes. This will help you get used to working for longer periods of time. It will help you fight the urge18 to stop a task too early.
Voice 2
With all the information flowing to us every minute of every day, it is often difficult to just do one thing. But it is important to learn how to focus19 on one task and complete it.
 


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 spotlight 6hBzmk     
n.公众注意的中心,聚光灯,探照灯,视听,注意,醒目
参考例句:
  • This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
  • The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。
2 instant V6XxM     
adj.紧迫的;立即的;本月的;已配制好的时刻;瞬息,霎时
参考例句:
  • If you don't leave this instant,I will scream.你要是不马上离开,我就喊了。
  • It all happened in an instant.这一切都发生在一刹那间。
3 messenger DCzxM     
n.报信者,先驱
参考例句:
  • By the time the messenger reached him,the damage had been done.送信人赶到他那儿时,损失已经造成了。
  • I'll order a special messenger to deliver the document.我会派专人把文件送去。
4 laptop fpZz1R     
n.笔记本电脑
参考例句:
  • Laptop is suitable for use on planes.笔记本电脑适合飞机上使用。
  • A laptop would be really useful for when I'm working on the train.我在火车上工作时,便携式电脑真的很有用。
5 concentrate Ia8yy     
vt.集中;聚集;浓缩;vi.集中;全神贯注
参考例句:
  • You should concentrate on the road when you're driving.开车时注意力应集中在路上。
  • Concentrate your mind on study,Don't look around.专心学习,别东张西望的。
6 myth h6BzV     
n.神话,神话故事
参考例句:
  • The story has points of resemblance to a Hebrew myth.这个故事与某个希伯来神话有相似之处。
  • The story is a pure myth.这故事纯属虚构。
7 works ieuzIh     
n.作品,著作;工厂,活动部件,机件
参考例句:
  • We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
  • The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。
8 philosopher vN4xi     
n.哲学家,哲人
参考例句:
  • The philosopher has his ideas built on the rock of reason.那位哲学家把思想稳固地建立于理性之上。
  • What a philosopher seeks after is truth.一个哲学家所追求的是真理。
9 BBC PyrzFd     
abbr.(=British Broadcasting Corporation)英国广播公司
参考例句:
  • She works for the BBC.她为英国广播公司工作。
  • The BBC was founded in 1922.英国广播公司建于1922年。
10 concentration 1XAyU     
n.集中;专注;浓度;浓缩
参考例句:
  • She wrinkled her brows in concentration.她蹙额皱眉,陷入沉思。
  • If smoke is going that way,then it means the concentration here should be decreasing.如果烟雾沿着这个方向飘,这意味着,这里的浓度应该是减少的。
11 mathematics VBgxK     
n.(用作单)数学;(用作单或复)计算(能力)
参考例句:
  • He has come out in front in the study of mathematics.他在数学方面已名列前茅。
  • She is working at a difficult problem in mathematics.她在做一道数学难题。
12 emotional 3pDxl     
adj.令人动情的;易动感情的;感情(上)的
参考例句:
  • Emotional people don't stop to calculate.感情容易冲动的人做事往往不加考虑。
  • This is an emotional scene in the play.这是剧中动人的一幕。
13 difficulty pvUxW     
n.困难,费劲;难事,难题;麻烦,困境
参考例句:
  • If there is any difficulty,please let us know promptly.倘有困难,请迅速通知我们。
  • A little difficulty like this is nothing to us.这点困难算不了什么。
14 united Yfmz2c     
adj.和谐的;团结的;联合的,统一的
参考例句:
  • The whole nation is closely united.全国人民紧密团结。
  • The two men were united by community of interests.共同的利益使两个人结合在一起。
15 gears 56f3f885234d52d7bd89394d19228991     
n.齿轮( gear的名词复数 );装备;挡;(做某事的)速度
参考例句:
  • Careless use of the clutch may damage the gears. 离合器使用不慎可能会损坏传动装置。
  • A car has five gears. 汽车有五挡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
16 separate hzewa     
n.分开,抽印本;adj.分开的,各自的,单独的;v.分开,隔开,分居
参考例句:
  • Are they joined together or separate?它们是合在一起还是分开的?
  • Separate the white clothes from the dark clothes before laundering.洗衣前应当把浅色衣服和深色衣服分开。
17 visual yh9wa     
adj.视力的,视觉的,观看的,直观的,看得见的,光学的
参考例句:
  • The film is a visual art.电影是一种视觉艺术。
  • His designs have a strong visual appeal.他的设计在视觉上很有感染力。
18 urge lKKzH     
n.冲动,推动力,迫切的要求;vt.驱策,力劝,力陈,推动;vi.强烈要求
参考例句:
  • He has an urge to become a film star.他非常希望成为电影明星。
  • We should constantly urge ourselves on to study hard.我们要经常鞭策自己努力学习。
19 focus kjnxK     
n.焦点,焦距;vi.聚焦,注视;vt.使聚焦,调焦,集中
参考例句:
  • She was the focus of everyone's attention.她是大家注意的焦点。
  • The noise made it hard for me to focus on work.噪音让我无法集中注意力工作。
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