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英语听力—环球英语 1136 Fear

时间:2012-10-31 05:25来源:互联网 提供网友:jpstudy   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

   Voice 1

 
  Welcome to Spotlight1. I’m Robin2 Basselin
 
  Voice 2
 
  And I’m Ryan Geertsma. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
 
  Voice 1
 
  What makes you afraid? Do you fear the dark? Or do you fear being in small places? These are common fears. However, people have many different fears.
 
  Voice 2
 
  And fear is a difficult emotion. Fear can control a person’s life. However, there are also many ways that people can control their fear. Today’s Spotlight is about dealing3 with fear.
 
  Voice 1
 
  What happens to our bodies when we are afraid? To help answer that question, let us imagine a woman named Mary.
 
  Voice 2
 
  Mary is afraid of riding in cars. She is afraid because she was once involved in a bad car accident. When Mary gets into a car, she begins to sweat4. Her skin becomes wet and she feels hot. Her heart begins to beat quickly. Her whole body feels tense.
 
  Voice 1
 
  This physical reaction to fear is called the “fight or flight” response. When you are afraid, your body prepares itself in one of two ways. Either it prepares to fight what is making you afraid. Or it prepares for flight - to run away from what is making you afraid.
 
  Voice 2
 
  Many things are happening in the brain during this “fight or flight” response. Scientists think that fear is processed through a place in our brain called the amygdala. The amygdala decides whether a situation is safe or unsafe.
 
  Voice 1
 
  In Mary’s case, her amygdala decides that riding in a car is unsafe. It then releases5 a chemical called cortisol into Mary’s body. This chemical brings Mary’s “fight or flight” response. It causes Mary’s sweating6, increased heart rate and tense body.
 
  Voice 2
 
  Often, fears are strongly linked to memory. We remember a bad experience and become afraid. In this way, we have learned7 to be afraid.
 
  Voice 1
 
  One scientific study tested this process and a possible way negative memories can be removed. In the study, scientists taught small animals, called mice, to be afraid of a particular place. When the mice entered the particular area, the scientists gave the mice an electric shock. This even produced a negative memory for the mice. They became afraid of the area where the shock happened.
 
  Voice 2
 
  Once the mice were afraid, the scientists began their research. The scientists began giving the mice a chemical called CamKII. This chemical removed the mice’s memory of the negative experience. The mice’s fear of the area where they received the shock was completely8 gone.
 
  Voice 1
 
  Scientists hope that one day they will be able to use the chemical with people. It may help people who have had a difficult experience that now makes them afraid. It could be used with soldiers who have negative memories of war or with victims10 of violence11.
 
  Voice 2
 
  But many people are concerned about completely removing negative memories which cause fear. One reason for their concern is the issue12 of truth. If a person forgets about a difficult experience, they may come to believe something which is untrue13 instead. For example, if a victim9 of violence forgets about her experience, she may come to believe the person who attacked her is safe.
 
  Voice 1
 
  After a community has a terrible experience, they often promise they will not forget what happened. Their promise is to remember and learn from the difficulty14. They promise to learn and become better people. If we remove people’s memories about terrible events, we may also remove their chance to learn from the experience.
 
  Voice 2
 
  People are also concerned that forgetting difficult events would make forgiveness impossible. A part of forgiveness is choosing to defeat the negative memories we have about someone hurting us. If we do not remember a negative event, can we truly forgive the other person involved?
 
  Voice 1
 
  Daniela Schiller is a scientist that studies fear. She is also concerned about completely removing memories. So, instead of removing fearful15 memories, Schiller studied ways to change a person’s emotional16 reaction to a fearful memory. Her study about fear used people. The scientists taught people to be afraid of a yellow square. Whenever the person saw the yellow square, they received an electric shock - just like the mice in the other study.
 
  Voice 2
 
  After the scientists taught the people to be afraid, the scientists sent them home. Then, the next day, the same people came back to the testing location17. Now the scientists worked to help the people unlearn their fear. They called this process “extinction training”.
 
  Voice 1
 
  The “extinction training” began with scientists showing each person the yellow square again. This made the person remember the negative experience and they were fearful. However, this time, they were not given a shock. The scientists repeated this process many times, without shocking18 the people.
 
  Voice 2
 
  This “extinction training” changed the emotions connected to the negative memory. The study showed that by experiencing a different emotion with a negative memory, we can stop being afraid of a situation.
 
  Let us think back to Mary. To help Mary stop being afraid of riding in a car, scientists might try two things.
 
  Voice 1
 
  The scientists who worked on the first study in today’s program might try to remove Mary’s memory about the car accident with medication. After using the medication, she would no longer be able to remember what happened. Therefore, she would no longer be afraid of riding in cars.
 
  Voice 2
 
  The scientists who worked on the second study might help Mary replace the fear she feels when she gets into a car. They would have her remember the car accident. This would cause her again to feel fear. Then, they would have her take several good trips in a car. These safe experiences would replace Mary’s fearful memory of cars. She would still remember the car accident. But, she would not feel the same fear that she used to.
 
  Voice 1
 
  Fear is a very powerful19 emotion. A lot of fear can make it difficult to live a normal life. But there is much we can learn from the experiences which cause fear. Defeating a difficult experience can make a person stronger than they were before the experience. A community can listen to those like soldiers or victims of violence who struggle with fear. By hearing about their negative experiences and their fear, the community may become more careful about going to war. They may become more careful to protect one another from violence.
 
  Voice 2
 
  So what do you think about dealing with fear? Should bad memories be completely removed from a person’s memory? How do you deal with fear and negative memories? Have you learned from a negative experience? We would love to hear your thoughts. You can e-mail us at [email protected].
 
  Voice 1
 
  The writer of this program was Sarah Kidd. The producers were Josh DeGroot and Mark Drenth. The voices you heard were from the United20 States. All quotes21 were adapted and voiced by Spotlight. You can find this program and others on our website http://www.radio.english.net This .program is called “Fear”. We hope you can join us for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye!

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 spotlight 6hBzmk     
n.公众注意的中心,聚光灯,探照灯,视听,注意,醒目
参考例句:
  • This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
  • The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。
2 robin Oj7zme     
n.知更鸟,红襟鸟
参考例句:
  • The robin is the messenger of spring.知更鸟是报春的使者。
  • We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin.我们看见了一只知更鸟,知道春天要到了。
3 dealing NvjzWP     
n.经商方法,待人态度
参考例句:
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
4 sweat QqHyj     
n.汗,汗水,水珠,焦急;vi.出汗,渗出,冒出水气,结水珠,烦恼,懊恼;vt.使出汗,流出,榨出,使汗流浃背
参考例句:
  • She was all of a sweat.她一身大汗。
  • She is always all of a sweat before the exam.她临考前总是急得不得了。
5 releases 02b67c3eae678dc49209d6de4709a171     
v.释放( release的第三人称单数 );放开;发布;发行
参考例句:
  • Nuclear fission releases tremendous amounts of energy. 核裂变释放出巨大的能量。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Zemel says that when calcium levels are low, the body releases a hormone that helps squeeze the most out of every available milligram of the mineral. 泽莫尔博士说,当人体中的钙含量偏低时,身体里就会产生一种荷尔蒙,它能帮助肌体最大限度地吸收所摄入的钙。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 sweating 3ae8308c20b73c11533ae7b0af324127     
n.发汗v.(使)出汗( sweat的现在分词 );(使)流汗;(使)发汗;焖
参考例句:
  • We were sweating profusely from the exertion of moving the furniture. 我们搬动家具大费气力,累得大汗淋漓。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • When the spasm passed, it left him weak and sweating. 一阵痉挛之后,他虚弱无力,一直冒汗。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 learned m1oxn     
adj.有学问的,博学的;learn的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
  • In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里,他被视为有学问的人。
8 completely lvmzzZ     
adv.完全地,十分地,全然
参考例句:
  • She never completely gave up hope.她从不完全放弃希望。
  • I feel completely in the dark on this question.这件事使我感到茫然。
9 victim sLpz5     
n.受害人,牺牲者,牺牲品
参考例句:
  • What is your relationship with the victim?您与受害人的关系?
  • The victim was found lying dead on the river bank.发现被害人倒毙于河岸。
10 victims a9155940f433e9935e8839e4cc093612     
n.牺牲者( victim的名词复数 );牺牲品;受骗者;为祭祀杀死的动物(或人)
参考例句:
  • Many charities sent money to help the victims of the famine. 许多慈善机构捐款赈济饥民。
  • victims of child abuse 受虐待的儿童
11 violence 0hewn     
n.暴力,暴虐,暴行,猛烈,强烈,强暴
参考例句:
  • It was an absolutely senseless act of violence.这是毫无意义的暴力行为。
  • They attacked with violence.他们猛烈攻击。
12 issue r3dxs     
n.出版,发行,(报刊等)期、号,论点,问题,结果, (水,血等的)流出;vt.使流出,放出,发行(钞票等),发布(命令),出版(书等)发给;vi.发行,流出,造成...结果,进行辩护,传下
参考例句:
  • I bought the book the day after its issue.这书出版后的第一天,我就去买了它。
  • I'll support her down the line on that issue.在那个问题上我将全力支持她。
13 untrue ffxzGF     
adj.不正确的,不忠实的
参考例句:
  • That is an untrue story.那是一个不真实的故事。
  • The newspaper printed a denial of the untrue story.报社刊登了否认不实消息的声明。
14 difficulty pvUxW     
n.困难,费劲;难事,难题;麻烦,困境
参考例句:
  • If there is any difficulty,please let us know promptly.倘有困难,请迅速通知我们。
  • A little difficulty like this is nothing to us.这点困难算不了什么。
15 fearful tksxs     
adj.惧怕的,担心的;可怕的,吓人的
参考例句:
  • What a fearful waste of time!简直太浪费时间了!
  • They are fearful of another business depression.他们担心会再次发生商业萧条。
16 emotional 3pDxl     
adj.令人动情的;易动感情的;感情(上)的
参考例句:
  • Emotional people don't stop to calculate.感情容易冲动的人做事往往不加考虑。
  • This is an emotional scene in the play.这是剧中动人的一幕。
17 location R0BxC     
n.地点,位置,定位
参考例句:
  • It is a suitable location for a new school.那是建一所新学校的合适地点。
  • I have to find a convenient location for the shelves.我得找一合适的地方放这些书架。
18 shocking Vitzd5     
adj.令人气愤的;令人震惊的
参考例句:
  • His attitude was shocking to her.他的态度令她感到震惊。
  • Such behaviour is really shocking.这种行为真不像话。
19 powerful E1Zzi     
adj.有力的,有权力的,强大的
参考例句:
  • The UN began to get more and more powerful.联合国开始变得越来越强大了。
  • Such are the most powerful voices of our times!这些就是我们时代的最有力的声音!
20 united Yfmz2c     
adj.和谐的;团结的;联合的,统一的
参考例句:
  • The whole nation is closely united.全国人民紧密团结。
  • The two men were united by community of interests.共同的利益使两个人结合在一起。
21 quotes 2150fd65034a9bcdb357943b3900a918     
v.引用,援引( quote的第三人称单数 );报价;引述;为(股票、黄金或外汇)报价
参考例句:
  • He quotes a few verses from Tennyson in his paper. 他在论文中引用了英国诗人丁尼生的几行诗句。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He quotes (from) the Bible to support his beliefs. 他引用圣经来支持自己的信念。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
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