商业周刊:工会组织力量虚弱, 雇员自发组织罢工(2)

Kochan and his colleagues put the question to almost 4,000 workers in 2017.

科尚和同事们在2017年向近4000名员工调查有关加入工会的问题。

The results: Almost 2 out of 3 said they had less of a voice than they felt they deserved,

结果显示，近三分之二的人表示自己没有太多发言权，

and nearly half said they'd like the opportunity to join a union.

接近半数的人希望有机会加入工会。

"That doesn't mean they want an actual union in the traditional sense," Kochan says.

科尚说：“这并不意味着他们想要传统意义上工会组织，

"It's more of an expression that they're looking for some form of voice, a desire for real influence."

而更像是说他们在寻找某种方式发表意见，渴望自己的言语能产生影响力。”

Historically, only unions could provide the cohesiveness¹ and leverage² workers needed to speak as a group.

一直以来，只有工会才能提供给员工作为一个群体发言所需要的凝聚力和影响力。

Now workers have Facebook and Twitter, both to talk among themselves and to make their case to their employers in a potentially embarrassing way.

而现在，员工们可以利用脸书（Facebook）和推特（Twitter）相互交谈，还可以用可能令人尴尬的方式从雇主那获取他们想要的利益。

Technology has given rise to a new set of tools—targeted ads to reach disillusioned³ workers,

科技已经催生出一套新工具，比如可以让失望的员工看到的定向广告，

text blasts to engage them, online petitions to make demands clear.

邀请他们参与活动的群发邮件，以及提出明确需求的在线请愿书。

In 2014 thousands of workers at Market Basket, a New England grocery chain known for decent wages and other employee-friendly policies,

美国新英格兰地区的Market Basket连锁超市一直以工资合理和拥有令员工满意的其他政策而著称，

found one another on Facebook and mounted a strike to demand the company's board reinstate the recently fired chief executive officer.

2014年，这家公司的数千名员工在脸书上联合发起罢工，要求公司董事会将刚被解雇的首席执行官复职。

That action points to some of the freedoms enjoyed by nonunion protesters.

该行动表明，未加入工会的抗议者享有一定的自由。

The Market Basket strikers included workers at all levels of the enterprise, managers and workers together.

参与Market Basket公司罢工活动的人中包括经理和员工在内的各级层人士。

And what they wanted and ultimately got—the return of the CEO—was outside the purview⁴ of wages, hours,

他们想让首席执行官复职这个目标，

and benefits covered by a typical collective bargaining agreement.

超出了一般劳资协定所涵盖的工资、工时和福利等的范畴。

Around the same time, a pair of tech-savvy activists⁵ with labor⁶ roots, Michelle Miller⁷ and Jess Kutch, launched Coworker.org,

与此同时，两位普通员工出身的科技通米歇尔·米勒和杰斯·库奇推出了Coworker.org网站，

which creates networks of employees and provides them with tools so they can push for pretty much anything they feel would improve their working lives.

创建起员工网络，并为他们提供各种工具，使他们几乎能够对可以改善工作的任何事情提出要求。

Tired of finding hypodermic needles in store bathrooms, Starbucks employees used Coworker.org to petition the company for needle disposal containers.

星巴克员工厌倦了在门店洗手间寻找针头，便利用Coworker.org网站向公司请愿，要求公司提供装针头的容器。

Publix Super Markets Inc. worker Brandon Wesley gathered more than 20,000 signatures for his "Let us wear beards" petition,

美国大众超级市场公司（Publix Super Markets, Inc.）的员工布兰登·韦斯利提出了“请求续胡须”的情愿书，收集了超过两万多个签名，

which asked the supermarket to reconsider its dress code.

要求公司重新考虑其着装要求。

Instacart Inc. workers waged a campaign against the grocery delivery company's pay practices;

食品杂货配送公司Instacart的员工发起反对薪酬政策的活动；

on Feb. 6, the company announced changes to its most controversial policies.

2月6日，该公司宣布对其最具争议的政策进行修订。

Whether on Coworker, Facebook, or deep in the threads of Reddit, "this is only going to spread," Kutch says.

不管是在Coworker，还是脸书或“掘客”（Reddit）网站，库奇表示：“这种趋势将不断扩沿，

"It's starting in a few parts of the workforce⁸, but in 10 to 20 years it's going to be the norm for independent digital communities to be present in every major company."

开始只是少数员工参与，但在10到20年间，独立的数字化社区都将采用这种方式在大公司中发声。

1 cohesiveness   

n. 粘合，凝聚性

参考例句：

• The Bogor Goals concern APEC's credibility, cohesiveness and future development. 茂物目标事关亚太经合组织的信誉、凝聚力和未来发展。
• One of the most important properties of a work team is cohesiveness. 工作小组的最重要特征之一是凝聚力。

2 leverage   

n.力量，影响；杠杆作用，杠杆的力量

参考例句：

• We'll have to use leverage to move this huge rock.我们不得不借助杠杆之力来移动这块巨石。
• He failed in the project because he could gain no leverage. 因为他没有影响力，他的计划失败了。

3 disillusioned   

a.不再抱幻想的，大失所望的，幻想破灭的

参考例句：

• I soon became disillusioned with the job. 我不久便对这个工作不再抱幻想了。
• Many people who are disillusioned in reality assimilate life to a dream. 许多对现实失望的人把人生比作一场梦。

4 purview   

n.范围；眼界

参考例句：

• These are questions that lie outside the purview of our inquiry.这些都不是属于我们调查范围的问题。
• That,however,was beyond the purview of the court;it was a diplomatic matter.但是，那已不在法庭权限之内；那是个外交问题。

5 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

7 miller   

n.磨坊主

参考例句：

• Every miller draws water to his own mill.磨坊主都往自己磨里注水。
• The skilful miller killed millions of lions with his ski.技术娴熟的磨坊主用雪橇杀死了上百万头狮子。

8 workforce   

n.劳动大军，劳动力

参考例句：

• A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
• A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。