听电影学英语-食品公司 11

　　[00:02.60]世界上最大的屠宰场
[00:08.36](snorting)
[00:15.04]is a small town called Tar¹ Heel 一个叫塔希尔的小镇
[00:15.36]The town where the plant is located 这个厂房位于
[00:18.08]in the middle of a very economically-depressed area. 这一带都是经济很落后的地方
[00:24.92]史密斯菲尔德公司
[00:26.76]the art of picking and choosing 已经掌握了怎样挑选出
[00:30.60]a workforce² that they can exploit, 可以被压榨的劳动力
[00:31.60]initially from the local workforce-- 最初是当地人
[00:35.28]the poor whites, the poor black. 贫穷的白人和贫穷的黑人
[00:40.64]They went through that workforce very quickly. 他们很快就榨干了当地的劳动力
[00:47.52]all the way from Dentsville, South Carolina, 接送工人从南卡罗来纳州的丹斯维尔
[00:48.20]to Clinton, North Carolina. 到北卡罗来纳州的克林顿上班
[00:50.04]You have to draw a circle 100 miles in diameter, 从这里画一个半径50英里的圆圈
[00:55.36]and that’s where all of your workers are coming from. 工厂的工人就是从这个区域雇来的
[00:59.92]由工人身上的隐藏摄像机拍摄
[01:06.92]Man: They have the same mentality³ towards workers 食品公司对待工人的态度
[01:10.44](squealing)

　　[01:13.96]Man: You know, the hog⁴, they don’t really have to worry about their comfort 你知道,公司其实不关心猪是不是过得舒服
[01:19.32]because they’re temporary. They’re gonna be killed. 因为它们的存在是暂时的,终有一天会送去屠宰
[01:22.16]And they have the same viewpoint to the worker. 他们就是这样对待工人的
[01:25.00]You’re not worried about the longevity⁵ of the worker 公司不关心员工的健康和寿命
[01:27.68]because, to them, everything has an end. 因为在他们看来,一切都有个终结
[01:31.00]屠杀区域——每天要屠杀32000头猪
[01:38.88]- (clicks, whirring) - (squealing) 卡哒声、轰鸣声、惨叫声
[01:51.44]Man: When you’ve got 2000 hogs⁶ an hour going through 这些工厂每小时要处理2000头猪
[01:53.76]employees, because they’re handling these guts⁷ so much, 里面的工人们因为整天处理内脏
[01:58.96]they get infections in their fingernails and all. 他们的指甲,还有其他地方都被感染了
[01:59.80]All their fingernails separate from their fingers. 他们的指甲从手指上脱落
[02:01.16]Man #2: You’re covered with blood, feces, urine. 每天都跟血,粪便,尿打交道
[02:06.32]It’s easy to get hurt down there. 很容易就会受伤害
[02:07.68]Man: You’re doing that same movement 你对每一只猪
[02:09.52]for that same piece of the hog 都做同样的动作
[02:10.16]and it’s nonstop, you know. 周而复始
[02:12.84]Basically you’re treated as a human machine. 基本上你就是被当作机器使用的
[02:16.04]Man #3: You get people that can’t afford 史密斯菲尔德公司很清楚
[02:20.36]to leave from out there, and Smithfield knows this. 这些工人一旦失去了这份工作,就没有其他办法谋生了
[02:22.72]And that’s what they hold over you. 他们就是这样控制工人的
[02:29.08]Schlosser: 100 years ago 100年前

　　[02:33.08]when Upton Sinclair wrote "The Jungle" 当厄普顿?辛克莱撰写小说"屠场"的时候
[02:35.60]there was a beef trust that wielded⁸ enormous power. 一个由牛肉供应商组成的托拉斯有举足轻重的影响力
[02:38.44]Immigrants from Eastern Europe were being abused 在政府没有制定监管制度的情况下
[02:42.48]in the absence of any kind of government regulation 东欧来的移民工人在肉类工厂里被压榨
[02:46.48]There were horrible disfiguring injuries 曾经发生过致人伤残的事件
[02:47.84]and even deaths. 甚至有工人死亡
[02:53.52]Pollan: Things got better. They slowly got better. 后来情况慢慢好转了
[02:58.52]Schlosser: Teddy Roosevelt took on the beef trust. 西奥多?罗斯福总统制裁了这个牛肉托拉斯
[02:59.56]Labor⁹ unions slowly organized meatpacking workers 工会慢慢把工人们组织起来
[03:06.24]and turned it into one of the best industrial jobs 使肉类生产变成了美国最好的
[03:09.92]in the United States. 工作岗位之一
[03:12.40]By the 1950s to be a meatpacking worker 到20世纪50年代,一个肉类生产工人的待遇
[03:13.60]was like being an auto¹⁰ worker 跟汽车生产工人差不多
[03:16.60]who has a good wage, good benefits, pension. 工资高,福利也优厚,还有退休金
[03:21.12]And then what happened? 但是后来发生了什么?
[03:22.48]Well, the meat-packing companies got bigger 为了满足快餐业
[03:25.64]in order to serve the needs of the fast-food industry, 这个最大的客户的需要
[03:28.32]which was its biggest customer. 肉类供应商扩大了规模
[03:31.00]Some of the meat-packing companies like IBP 有些肉类供应商,例如IBP公司
[03:32.68]borrowed the same sort of labor practices 借鉴了快餐业的
[03:37.00]from the fast food industry-- 某些雇佣制度
[03:37.36]cutting wages, making sure there were no unions, 减薪,禁止成立工会
[03:41.04]speeding up production, 加快生产速度
[03:41.72]and having the worker do the same task 让工人们反反覆覆
[03:44.88]again and again and again. 只做一件事
[03:47.72]And meat-packing is now 肉类生产
[03:50.92]one of the most dangerous jobs in the United States. 现在是美国最危险的工作之一
[03:54.24]The meat-packing industry also recruited 肉类供应商现在还雇用了
[03:56.44]a new set of immigrants-- illegal immigrants 一批新的移民工人,包括非法移民
[04:00.60]and recent immigrants from Mexico. 和新近从墨西哥移民到美国来的人
[04:03.64]Many of the illegal immigrants coming to America 很多到美国来的非法移民
[04:06.48]were corn farmers in Mexico. 原本在墨西哥种玉米
[04:08.16]NAFTA led to a flooding of the Mexican market 北美自由贸易区的成立,让墨西哥成为了
[04:13.84]with cheap American corn. 美国廉价玉米的倾销目标
[04:14.68]It’s put more than a million and a half Mexican farmers out of work. 这让超过150万的墨西哥人失去工作
[04:20.88]They couldn’t compete with this cheap corn coming from America. 他们的产品无法对抗从美国进口的廉价玉米
[04:22.72](yelling)
[04:24.56]Pollan: So what happens to those million and a half Mexican farmers? 那这150万墨西哥农民怎么办呢?

　　[04:30.08]Schlosser: Meat packers like IBP, 像IBP
[04:32.72]National Beef and Monfort 全国牛肉公司,蒙佛特公司这样的肉联公司
[04:33.92]began actively¹¹ recruiting in Mexico. 开始积极地在墨西哥招聘工人
[04:38.08]Companies advertised on the radio 这些公司在电台和报纸
[04:38.60]and in newspapers. 做广告
[04:41.44]IBP set up a bus service IBP公司还提供接送服务
[04:45.64]in Mexico to bring workers into the United States. 好让工人从墨西哥到美国来上班
[04:49.16]For years the government turned a blind eye 多年以来,政府对肉类供应商
[04:53.84]by the meat-packing industry. 视而不见
[04:55.16]But now, when there’s an anti-immigrant movement, 但是现在,当反移民运动兴起
[04:59.68]they’re cracking down all of a sudden, 政府就开始采取严厉手段
[05:00.20]but they’re not cracking down on these companies. 不是对付食品公司

1 tar   

n.柏油，焦油；vt.涂或浇柏油/焦油于

参考例句：

• The roof was covered with tar.屋顶涂抹了一层沥青。
• We use tar to make roads.我们用沥青铺路。

2 workforce   

n.劳动大军，劳动力

参考例句：

• A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
• A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。

3 mentality   

n.心理，思想，脑力

参考例句：

• He has many years'experience of the criminal mentality.他研究犯罪心理有多年经验。
• Running a business requires a very different mentality from being a salaried employee.经营企业所要求具备的心态和上班族的心态截然不同。

4 hog   

n.猪；馋嘴贪吃的人；vt.把…占为己有，独占

参考例句：

• He is greedy like a hog.他像猪一样贪婪。
• Drivers who hog the road leave no room for other cars.那些占着路面的驾驶员一点余地都不留给其他车辆。

5 longevity   

n.长命；长寿

参考例句：

• Good habits promote longevity.良好的习惯能增长寿命。
• Human longevity runs in families.人类的长寿具有家族遗传性。

6 hogs   

n.（尤指喂肥供食用的）猪( hog的名词复数 )；（供食用的）阉公猪；彻底地做某事；自私的或贪婪的人

参考例句：

• 'sounds like -- like hogs grunting. “像——像是猪发出的声音。 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险
• I hate the way he hogs down his food. 我讨厌他那副狼吞虎咽的吃相。 来自辞典例句

7 guts   

v.狼吞虎咽，贪婪地吃，飞碟游戏（比赛双方每组5人，相距15码，互相掷接飞碟）；毁坏（建筑物等）的内部( gut的第三人称单数 )；取出…的内脏n.勇气( gut的名词复数 )；内脏；消化道的下段；肠

参考例句：

• I'll only cook fish if the guts have been removed. 鱼若已收拾干净，我只需烧一下即可。
• Barbara hasn't got the guts to leave her mother. 巴巴拉没有勇气离开她妈妈。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 wielded   

手持着使用（武器、工具等）( wield的过去式和过去分词 )； 具有； 运用（权力）； 施加（影响）

参考例句：

• The bad eggs wielded power, while the good people were oppressed. 坏人当道，好人受气
• He was nominally the leader, but others actually wielded the power. 名义上他是领导者，但实际上是别人掌握实权。

9 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

10 auto   

n.(=automobile)(口语)汽车

参考例句：

• Don't park your auto here.别把你的汽车停在这儿。
• The auto industry has brought many people to Detroit.汽车工业把许多人吸引到了底特律。

11 actively   

adv.积极地，勤奋地

参考例句：

• During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
• We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。