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利比亚国内乱局持续

The political and security crisis in Libya is deepening, with competing governments and, according to Amnesty International, widespread human rights violations¹ committed with impunity².

利比亚的政治安全危机进一步加剧，国内存在对立政府，而国际特赦报告说，利比亚国内存在大规模不受惩罚的践踏人权行为。

Libya has been in a state of almost constant conflict since the fall of Moammar Gadhafi three years ago, and the fighting continues. Rival governments try to control the east and west of the country. But militias⁴ hold much of the real power, representing former Gadhafi supporters, Islamists and other groups.

自三年前卡扎菲倒台之后，叙利亚国内冲突几乎从未止息。敌对政府势力东西对峙。而实权其实主要掌握在民兵手中，这些人包括前卡扎菲支持者、伊斯兰主义者以及其他组织。

In a new report focusing on Tripoli and the west, Amnesty International condemns⁵ all parties for widespread human rights abuses and violations of international law.

国际特赦在一份有关的黎波里以及西部地区的新报告中谴责利比亚所有各方都存在大规模侵犯人权和违反国际法的行为。研究员玛格达莱娜?穆格拉比撰写了这篇报告。

“We’ve seen three years where instead of investigating crimes, instead of investigating human rights violations, having a sort of transitional justice process, the authorities, the successive governments were actually unable to deal with that situation,” said researcher Magdalena Mughrabi who wrote the report.

她说： “我们看到，过去三年来，历任政府都没有调查犯罪，没有调查侵犯人权的行为，没有建立过渡司法程序，他们其实根本无法处理国内的情况。”

Mughrabi says human rights deteriorated⁶ through three years of various governments empowering militias in an effort to bring them into the mainstream⁷, but not being able to control them or to hold them accountable for their actions.

穆格拉比说，三年来，各派政府为了让民兵组织并入主流，都在加大民兵的权力，但是却无法控制他们或者让他们对自己的行为负责，这导致人权状况每况愈下。

And the political situation has deteriorated, too. The Libyan Supreme⁸ Court invalidated the election of the latest parliament, which still claims power from a remote town in the east, while militia³ commander and former Gadhafi-era general Khalifa Hafter has installed another government in Tripoli.

政治局势也进一步恶化。利比亚最高法院宣布最新一届的议会选举无效，而议会仍在东部一个边远城镇宣布掌权。与此同时，民兵指挥官和前卡扎菲时代的将军哈利法?哈夫塔尔在的黎波里另立政府。

That means more fighting and more suffering for the Libyan people are ahead, says Chris Doyle, director of the Council for Arab-British Understanding.

阿拉伯-英国交流协会会长克里斯?多利说，这意味着利比亚人民将经历更多的冲突与磨难。

“It means that there is still a struggle for power within the country," said Doyle. "There is no legitimate⁹ authority. It means there’s going to be a further conflict now to assert who actually has the legitimacy¹⁰ to run the country.”

他说：“这意味着利比亚国内存在权力斗争，国内没有合法的政府。这意味着利比亚还会通过进一步的冲突来决定到底谁能够合法统治国家。”

Doyle says some Libyans want another strongman, like Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sissi, while a vocal¹¹ but small minority see the Islamic State group as a model.

多利说，利比亚人民希望能够出现一位像埃及总统塞西这样的强硬人物来治国，而另外一些人数少但声音大的人把“伊斯兰国”组织当作样板。

Meanwhile, Libyans continue to flee toward Europe, creating another humanitarian¹² crisis.

与此同时，利比亚人继续源源不断地逃往欧洲，这导致了另一场人道危机。

“If we do not address the situation in Libya, we are going to see more of that, and we are going to see increased radicalization and extremism on the southern borders of Europe,” said Doyle.

多利说： “如果我们不处理利比亚的局势，这样的情况会更多。欧洲南部边界的激进主义和极端主义行为也会抬头。”

The 2011 revolution created great hope for oil-rich and relatively¹³ well-educated Libya. Now, Doyle says the rival groups need a foreign mediator¹⁴, and there is none they would all trust.

利比亚盛产石油，民众教育程度较高，2011年的革命曾给国家带来新的希望。多利表示，如今，敌对派系需要外国斡旋，但没有任何一国能够赢得所有各方信任。

So Amnesty International is calling directly on militia commanders to end the abuses.

因此，国际特赦直接向民兵首领发出呼吁，敦促停止践踏人权。

“There are certain things that not only can be done but must be done by the armed groups because otherwise they can be liable to prosecution¹⁵ by the International Criminal Court,” said Mughrabi.

国际特赦的穆格拉比说：“有些事情只能由武装组织来完成，而且必须由他们来完成，因为如果不这样，他们可能会被国际刑事法院起诉。”

But that call is not likely to have much impact on Libyan commanders accustomed to impunity, who believe they are fighting an all-or-nothing battle for the future of their country.

而已经习惯了无法无天的利比亚民兵将领不大可能理会这类呼吁。他们觉得，这种你死我活的厮杀是为了国家的未来。