英国新闻听力 索马里政府武装与伊斯兰激进党激战

The BBC has been granted access to parts of the Swat Valley in northern Pakistan, where the Pakistani army is waging an offensive against Taliban militants¹. A BBC correspondent was taken to a mountain ridge² which the military said had been an important Taliban base until its recent capture. Our correspondent said she saw long tunnels used by the militants as protection from aerial bombardment and deep underground bunkers showing how well entrenched³ they’d been. An army spokesman said the bases captured demonstrated the success of the offensive, but there is still more fighting to do. Twice before, the army’s failed to dislodge the Taliban, but this time it will be different, says commanding officer, Major-General Sajjid Ghani.

“Military has sufficient capacity; we have sufficient boots on ground, er, to be able to eliminate Taliban from this area. Then the entire nation is behind this operation. We have the popular support of the populace of Pakistan”.

A Canadian court has convicted a man from Rwanda on charges of genocide in the first test of a law that allows Canadian residents to be charged for crimes committed abroad. The man Desire Munyaneza was accused of setting up roadblocks during the Rwandan Genocide of 1994 and orchestrating the killings⁴ of hundreds of ethnic⁵ Tutsis and moderate Hutus. Lee Carter reports from Toronto.

Mr. Munyaneza was arrested in 2005 in the suburbs of Toronto where he’d been living with his family after seeking asylum⁶ in Canada, a request that was turned down. Emotional testimony⁷ was heard during the two-year trial from survivors⁸ of the Rwandan Genocide. The verdict is expected to be appealed and the case could end up in Canada’s Supreme⁹ Court.

The United Nations says there has been a breakthrough in talks to resolve the political crisis in Madagascar. The UN special envoy¹⁰ Tiébilé Dramé told the BBC he’d reached a deal for an inclusive transitional government involving all parties and fresh elections. Jonny Hogg reports.

Mr. Dramé told the BBC that the various political parties had agreed to an inclusive transitional government and would set up a South African-style truth and reconciliation¹¹ commission in an attempt to heal some of the wounds caused by the numerous political crises the country has suffered. Perhaps the most controversial agreement is that all former and current presidents including Andry Rajoelina and Marc Ravalomanana, would be eligible¹² to stand in upcoming presidential elections, a decision which Mr. Dramé described as unfortunate. The international community had rather suggested that none should stand for fear that it would destabilize the country further.

The UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon is in Sri Lanka to press for unrestricted access by aid agencies to civilians¹³ caught up in the recent fighting against Tamil Tiger rebels. He is the first world leader to visit Sri Lanka since the government said earlier this week that it’d finally beaten the 30-year rebel insurgency¹⁴.

World News from the BBC.

The Bolivian President Evo Morales has opened celebrations to mark the 200th anniversary of Latin-America’s independence struggle, saying the region is undergoing a second liberation. Candace Piette reports from Ravelo Andean, Bolivia.

In the main square of the small agricultural town of Ravelo, President Morales addressed a crowd of his supporters, many were indigenous¹⁵ peasants who had walked miles to greet him. President Morales said he had come to pay homage¹⁶ to the Indian fighters for independence born in the region. He said the colonies had been designed to extract natural resources from the continent, but also to exterminate¹⁷ the Indians, but said the president across the continent in countries like Bolivia, they fought back and continue to fight back to this day.

The Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has been sworn in for a new term in office at an elaborate ceremony at the presidential palace in Delhi. He becomes the first Indian prime minister since India’s independence leader Jawaharlal Nehru to return to power after completing a full five-year-term.

A top security official in Mexico has resigned following the release of footage from a prison’s security camera, showing inmates¹⁸ walking out of jail in northern Mexico as guards stood by. The official, Alejandro Rojas Chalico who’s the public security minister for the state of Zacatecas where the prison is located, stepped down 6 days after 53 prisoners broke out with the help of a convoy¹⁹ of escape vehicles. They include members of a powerful drugs cartel. Correspondent said the video footage provides a rare insight into lax security at Mexican prisons.

And there has been a day of heavy fighting in the Somali capital Mogadishu after pro-government forces confined to a tiny sector²⁰ of the city tried to regain²¹ some ground against the Al-Shabaab militia²². Our BBC correspondent in Mogadishu says heavy mortar²³ and artillery²⁴ fire continued for much of the day, and medical sources said more than 20 people had been killed.

BBC获得进入巴基斯坦北部斯瓦特河谷部分地区的许可。目前，巴基斯坦军方在该地区对塔利班分子发动进攻。一名BBC记者被带到一座山脉，军方称，在被占领之前此地一直是塔利班分子的重要基地。我们的记者表示，她看到塔利班分子用来躲避空袭的隧道和表明他们用来挖壕沟的地下燃料。军方发言人称，占领这些基地表明进攻行动的成功，但是，还有许多行动要进行。陆军少将Sajjid Ghani说，前两次，军队未能与塔利班分子对话，但是这次形势将有所不同。

“军队有足够的能力，我们有足够的军事力量将塔利班分子从该地区完全铲除。整个国家都将在政府的控制之下。我们受到巴基斯坦人民大众的支持。”

加拿大试行第一部关于加拿大居民在国外犯罪的法律。按照该法律，加拿大法庭判处一名卢旺达男子种族灭绝罪。这位名叫Desire Munyaneza被指在1994年的卢旺达种族灭绝中设置路障，并帮助杀害数百名突袭人和温和派胡图族人。Lee Carter在多伦多报道。

Munyaneza于2005年在多伦多郊区被捕，在寻求收容失败后，他一直与家人居住在这里。在两年的审判期间，卢旺达种族灭绝案的幸存者提供了情感证据。罪犯将对判决提起上诉，案件最终将在加拿大最高法庭结束。

联合国称解决马达加斯加政治危机的对话有所突破。联合国特使 Tiébilé Dramé 告知BBC记者，在建立包含所有党派的过渡政府和选举方面取得了很多进步。 Jonny Hogg 报道。

Dramé 告诉BBC，各党派均已同意成立过渡政府将建立南非风格的事实和调解委员会，以处理为数众多的政治危机给国家带来的影响。最有争议的协议就是前任总统拉乔利纳和现任总统拉瓦卢马纳纳将合法参加即将进行的总统选举。Dramé 说这个决定是非常不幸的。国际委员会担心将会进一步引起国家动荡，暗示两人不要参加选举。

联合国秘书长潘基文日前在斯里兰卡向救助机构给被困平民提供无节制的救助施压。这是斯里兰卡上周初期宣布击败叛乱分子以来首位访问斯里兰卡的世界领导。

玻利维亚总统莫拉莱斯为拉丁美洲独立200周年举行庆典活动，称该地区正在经历第二次解放。记者Candace Piette在玻利维亚Ravelo Andean报道。

莫拉莱斯在 Ravelo一个农业镇定主要广场上向支持者发表讲话，其中许多是当地农民，他们步行几英里来迎接总统。总统说，他来到这里是为了向拉丁美洲独立战争中的在该地区出生的印第安战士表达敬意。他说，敌人在这里建立殖民地一方面是为了抢夺自然资源，另一方面是为了让一点人灭绝。但是，遍布拉丁美洲的各国总统都做出了反击，并且，直到今天，还在反击。

印度总理曼莫汗·辛格22日晚在印度总统府正式宣誓就职，开始新一总理任期。他是印度独立领袖贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁五年任期结束后的第一任印度总理。

由于监狱内外的监控录像显示，狱卒眼看着53名罪犯与一名持枪的武装分子从监狱中走出来（却没有阻拦），墨西哥高级安全官员辞职。Alejandro Rojas Chalico是监狱所在地萨卡特卡斯的公共安全部长。在53名囚犯合谋越狱后六天宣布辞职。其中包括有势力的毒品卡特尔的成员。记者称，监控录像的内容给大家提供了罕见的资料，表明墨西哥监狱松懈的安全状况。

支持政府力量试图从伊斯兰激进党分子手中夺回失地时被困于摩加迪沙城中的狭小区域，此后进行了长达一天的激战。BBC驻摩加迪沙记者称，一天之内的大多数时候炮火不断，医疗机构称已有20多人死亡。

1 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

2 ridge   

n.山脊；鼻梁；分水岭

参考例句：

• We clambered up the hillside to the ridge above.我们沿着山坡费力地爬上了山脊。
• The infantry were advancing to attack the ridge.步兵部队正在向前挺进攻打山脊。

3 entrenched   

adj.确立的，不容易改的(风俗习惯)

参考例句：

• Television seems to be firmly entrenched as the number one medium for national advertising.电视看来要在全国广告媒介中牢固地占据头等位置。
• If the enemy dares to attack us in these entrenched positions,we will make short work of them.如果敌人胆敢进攻我们固守的阵地，我们就消灭他们。

4 killings   

谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发

参考例句：

• His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。

5 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

6 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

7 testimony   

n.证词；见证，证明

参考例句：

• The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。
• He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。

8 survivors   

幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The survivors were adrift in a lifeboat for six days. 幸存者在救生艇上漂流了六天。
• survivors clinging to a raft 紧紧抓住救生筏的幸存者

9 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

10 envoy   

n.使节，使者，代表，公使

参考例句：

• Their envoy showed no sign of responding to our proposals.他们的代表对我方的提议毫无回应的迹象。
• The government has not yet appointed an envoy to the area.政府尚未向这一地区派过外交官。

11 reconciliation   

n.和解，和谐，一致

参考例句：

• He was taken up with the reconciliation of husband and wife.他忙于做夫妻间的调解工作。
• Their handshake appeared to be a gesture of reconciliation.他们的握手似乎是和解的表示。

12 eligible   

adj.有条件被选中的；(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的

参考例句：

• He is an eligible young man.他是一个合格的年轻人。
• Helen married an eligible bachelor.海伦嫁给了一个中意的单身汉。

13 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

14 insurgency   

n.起义；暴动；叛变

参考例句：

• And as in China, unrest and even insurgency are widespread. 而在中国，动乱甚至暴乱都普遍存在。 来自互联网
• Dr Zyphur is part an insurgency against this idea. 塞弗博士是这一观点逆流的一部分。 来自互联网

15 indigenous   

adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的

参考例句：

• Each country has its own indigenous cultural tradition.每个国家都有自己本土的文化传统。
• Indians were the indigenous inhabitants of America.印第安人是美洲的土著居民。

16 homage   

n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬

参考例句：

• We pay homage to the genius of Shakespeare.我们对莎士比亚的天才表示敬仰。
• The soldiers swore to pay their homage to the Queen.士兵们宣誓效忠于女王陛下。

17 exterminate   

v.扑灭，消灭，根绝

参考例句：

• Some people exterminate garden insects by spraying poison on the plants.有些人在植物上喷撒毒剂以杀死花园内的昆虫。
• Woodpeckers can exterminate insect pests hiding in trees.啄木鸟能消灭躲在树里的害虫。

18 inmates   

n.囚犯( inmate的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• One of the inmates has escaped. 被收容的人中有一个逃跑了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The inmates were moved to an undisclosed location. 监狱里的囚犯被转移到一个秘密处所。 来自《简明英汉词典》

19 convoy   

vt.护送，护卫，护航；n.护送；护送队

参考例句：

• The convoy was snowed up on the main road.护送队被大雪困在干路上了。
• Warships will accompany the convoy across the Atlantic.战舰将护送该船队过大西洋。

20 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

21 regain   

vt.重新获得，收复，恢复

参考例句：

• He is making a bid to regain his World No.1 ranking.他正为重登世界排名第一位而努力。
• The government is desperate to regain credibility with the public.政府急于重新获取公众的信任。

22 militia   

n.民兵，民兵组织

参考例句：

• First came the PLA men,then the people's militia.人民解放军走在前面，其次是民兵。
• There's a building guarded by the local militia at the corner of the street.街道拐角处有一幢由当地民兵团守卫的大楼。

23 mortar   

n.灰浆，灰泥；迫击炮；v.把…用灰浆涂接合

参考例句：

• The mason flushed the joint with mortar.泥工用灰浆把接缝处嵌平。
• The sound of mortar fire seemed to be closing in.迫击炮的吼声似乎正在逼近。

24 artillery   

n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队)

参考例句：

• This is a heavy artillery piece.这是一门重炮。
• The artillery has more firepower than the infantry.炮兵火力比步兵大。