英国新闻听力 对数字时代互联网隐私的思考

Good morning. I'm not quite young enough to be a Digital native ( I still, just about, remember a world before the internet), but I'm definitely a digital migrant. Because I've been using social networks since my late teens, I've been quite blasé about privacy online.

But I'm more and more convinced that privacy has the potential to be a major social justice issue. In a very real way, the developed world now runs on a data economy. Information about us (who we know, what we buy, what causes we support) is worth real money, and we are giving it away. Our identity, in so far as our identity is made up of information, is becoming a tradable commodity. You know that little box that pops up on many websites with a message about cookies? It's sadly not an offer of baked goods but a casually¹ worded warning that you are giving permission to be followed around the internet, your every idle click recorded. And those recordings² can end up in unexpected places. This week the European Commission has warned EU citizens that they should consider closing their accounts with a major social network if they don't want their information being passed to, or gathered by, American security services. Yesterday, a major search engine lost an appeal to prevent users suing them for serious breaches³ of privacy.

In this new world, data is money, and therefore, I think, data is also power. There is a rich seam in Christian⁴ scriptures⁵ which is very concerned about power, about the relationships between the weak and the strong. The much maligned⁶ Old Testament⁷ is rich with teaching on this subject, and when God is portrayed⁸ as angry it is often directed at the abuse of power. The Bible does not, of course, include references to tech giants or MI5, but I think the principle holds. A lack of concern for privacy allows, at worst, the strong to leverage⁹ their power against the weak with more precision. Privacy should mean that information about us, our likes and dislikes, fears and hopes, friends and enemies, can't be used against us. It doesn't matter if this is by oppressive governments quashing dissent¹⁰, or corporations targeting their advertising¹¹ in ever more coercive ways.

Those of us who've been nervous about privacy campaigns rightly trumpet¹² the importance of openness for building relationships. In Christian thought, vulnerability and authenticity¹³ with God and with others is fundamental. But these are relationships built on trust, where we know the person we are sharing with and they are also open with us. This is not the case when our data is gathered online, and the power is all on the side of those doing the gathering¹⁴. God, and those who've built relationship with us, get to see our deepest selves. But everyone else should have to earn it. 

早上好，我还不够足以年轻成为数字原住民（我还记得互联网出现之前的那个世界），但我肯定是一名数字移民。因为我是20岁左右才开始使用社交网络，对互联网隐私不是很感兴趣。

但我越来越相信，隐私有可能成为一个重大的社会正义问题。发达世界现在已经确实进入数字经济时代，有关我们的信息（我们认识谁、我们购买什么、我们支持的原因）都很值钱，但我们却在泄露自己的信息。我们的身份是由信息构成，而这一身份已经成为可以交易的商品。你知道很多网站上蹦出来的小窗口会提供cookies(信息记录程序)吗？令人伤心的这可不是烘焙好的饼干，而是一句随意的话，在提醒你你在允许在互联网上被跟踪，你的每次随意的点击都会被记录。而这些记录最终会出现在意想不到的地方，本周欧洲委员会警告欧盟公民，如果他们不希望自己的信息被发送给美国安全部门，或是被该部门收集，就应该考虑在主要社交网站上关闭自己的账户。昨天，一个重要的搜索引擎输掉一起希望阻止用户因严重的隐私侵犯而起诉该引擎的上诉。

在这个新的世界，数字是金钱，因此，我认为数字也是权力。基督教圣经里就非常关心权力，关心弱者和强者之间的关系。备受诽谤的旧约圣经里充满了有关该话题的教义，当上帝愤怒的时候，总是针对滥用权力的。圣经中当然没有提及科技巨头或军情五处，但我认为这个道理依然讲得通。最糟糕的是，缺少对隐私的关心会让强者更精确地对弱者使用自己的权力。隐私应该意味着有关我们自己的信息——我们的喜好和厌恶，恐惧和希望，朋友和敌人——不能被用来对我们不利。无论是高压政府镇压异见，还是公司更精准有力地做广告，都是一样的。

我们中间那些对隐私活动感到不安的人恰好在鼓吹建立公开关系的重要性，在基督教的教义中，与上帝和他人相处时脆弱性和真实性是最根本的。但这些关系是建立在信任的基础上，我们知道与我们共享者的信息，知道那些对我们开诚布公者的信息。但在当我们的信息在互联网上被收集时，情况就不是这样了，那些收集信息者才握有权力。上帝和那些与我们建立关系的人都能看到最深层的我们，但其他的人都应该必须努力才能博得这些。

1 casually   

adv.漠不关心地，无动于衷地，不负责任地

参考例句：

• She remarked casually that she was changing her job.她当时漫不经心地说要换工作。
• I casually mentioned that I might be interested in working abroad.我不经意地提到我可能会对出国工作感兴趣。

2 recordings   

n.记录( recording的名词复数 )；录音；录像；唱片

参考例句：

• a boxed set of original recordings 一套盒装原声录音带
• old jazz recordings reissued on CD 以激光唱片重新发行的老爵士乐

3 breaches   

破坏( breach的名词复数 )； 破裂； 缺口； 违背

参考例句：

• He imposed heavy penalties for breaches of oath or pledges. 他对违反誓言和保证的行为给予严厉的惩罚。
• This renders all breaches of morality before marriage very uncommon. 这样一来，婚前败坏道德的事就少见了。

4 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

5 scriptures   

经文，圣典( scripture的名词复数 )； 经典

参考例句：

• Here the apostle Peter affirms his belief that the Scriptures are 'inspired'. 使徒彼得在此表达了他相信《圣经》是通过默感写成的。
• You won't find this moral precept in the scriptures. 你在《圣经》中找不到这种道德规范。

6 maligned   

vt.污蔑，诽谤（malign的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• She feels she has been much maligned by the press. 她觉得她遭到了新闻界的恣意诽谤。
• We maligned him dreadfully when you come to think of it. 回头想想，我们狠狠地中伤了他。 来自辞典例句

7 testament   

n.遗嘱；证明

参考例句：

• This is his last will and testament.这是他的遗愿和遗嘱。
• It is a testament to the power of political mythology.这说明，编造政治神话可以产生多大的威力。

8 portrayed   

v.画像( portray的过去式和过去分词 )；描述；描绘；描画

参考例句：

• Throughout the trial, he portrayed himself as the victim. 在审讯过程中，他始终把自己说成是受害者。
• The author portrayed his father as a vicious drunkard. 作者把他父亲描绘成一个可恶的酒鬼。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 leverage   

n.力量，影响；杠杆作用，杠杆的力量

参考例句：

• We'll have to use leverage to move this huge rock.我们不得不借助杠杆之力来移动这块巨石。
• He failed in the project because he could gain no leverage. 因为他没有影响力，他的计划失败了。

10 dissent   

n./v.不同意，持异议

参考例句：

• It is too late now to make any dissent.现在提出异议太晚了。
• He felt her shoulders gave a wriggle of dissent.他感到她的肩膀因为不同意而动了一下。

11 advertising   

n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的

参考例句：

• Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
• The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。

12 trumpet   

n.喇叭，喇叭声；v.吹喇叭，吹嘘

参考例句：

• He plays the violin, but I play the trumpet.他拉提琴，我吹喇叭。
• The trumpet sounded for battle.战斗的号角吹响了。

13 authenticity   

n.真实性

参考例句：

• There has been some debate over the authenticity of his will. 对于他的遗嘱的真实性一直有争论。
• The museum is seeking an expert opinion on the authenticity of the painting. 博物馆在请专家鉴定那幅画的真伪。

14 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。