英国新闻听力 各宗教应该互相尊重

Wednesday of this week will be the fiftieth anniversary of one of the most remarkable¹ moments in interfaith relations in my lifetime, the Vatican document Nostra Aetate, which transformed the relationship between the Roman Catholic Church and other religions, most notably² with Judaism and Jews.

It was the result of the meeting of two remarkable men. One was the French- Jewish historian Jules Isaac, who survived the Holocaust³, but lost his wife and daughter in Auschwitz. After the War he set himself to discover the roots of anti-Semitism, tracing it back to the early history of the Church. Isaac didn’t believe, nor should we, that the Holocaust, or anti-Semitism itself, were inspired by Christianity. Hitler’s hate had quite different roots, and anti-Semitism predates the birth of Christianity. But Isaac charted the tendency of early Christian⁴ texts to blame Jews collectively for the death of Jesus and to see Judaism as a failed relationship between God and humanity. He called this “the teaching of contempt.”

Isaac’s work was read by Pope John XXIII, a man of courage who, during the war, had saved thousands of Jewish lives. In June 1960 the two men met, and the Pope resolved to re-examine the Church’s attitude to other faiths, Judaism in particular. Thus began the process that led to Nostra Aetate, though John, who died in 1963, didn’t live to see its completion. It transformed relations between the two faiths, so that today, after centuries of estrangement⁵ and hostility⁶, Jews and Catholics meet not as enemies but as cherished and respected friends: testimony⁷ that even in the face of religious difference, broken relationships can be mended and ancient wounds begin to heal.

Rarely has this been more important than now, when religiously-motivated violence is bringing chaos⁸ and destruction to great swathes of the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Christians⁹ are suffering; so are Muslims; and so are Jews.

What we need now is a new and broader Nostra Aetate, bringing together all the great faiths in a covenant¹⁰ of mutual¹¹ respect and responsibility. We need leaders from every religion publicly to declare that much of what’s being done today in the name of faith is in fact a desecration¹² of faith and a violation¹³ of its most sacred principles.

It took the Holocaust to bring about Nostra Aetate. Let’s not wait for another crime against humanity and God to bring us to our senses. For though we are different, we are each in God’s image. We honour Him by honouring all humankind.

本周三是我一生中不同宗教信仰之间的关系最重要的时刻五十周年纪念日。梵蒂冈文件《教会对非基督宗教态度宣言》改变了罗马天主教堂和其他宗教之间的关系，尤其是与犹太教和犹太人之间的关系。

这是两位伟人之间会晤的结果。其中一位是法国犹太历史学家艾萨克，他从犹太人大屠杀中幸存下来，但是却在奥斯维辛集中营中失去了妻子和女儿。战争后，他亲自寻找反犹太主义的根源，追溯到该教堂的早期历史。艾萨克不相信，我们也不应该相信，反犹太大屠杀或者反犹太主义是由基督教徒发起的。希特勒的憎恨有着完全不同的根源，反犹太主义在基督教出现之前已经存在。但是艾萨克追踪到，早期基督教条文谴责犹太人集体导致耶稣的遇难，认为犹太教是上帝和人类之间关系失败的产物。他称这是“藐视的教义”。

教皇约翰二十三世阅读了艾萨克的作品。他是一位有勇气的人，战争期间，他拯救了数千名犹太人的性命。1960年6月，两人会晤，教皇决心重新审视天主教堂对待其他宗教信仰的态度，尤其是对犹太教的态度。因此开启了整个过程，直至《教会对非基督宗教态度宣言》出炉。然而，教皇于1963年去世，并未见证这一文件的完成。这一宣言改变了两种宗教信仰之间的关系，今天，经历几个世纪的疏远和敌对，犹太人和天主教徒不再是仇敌，而是互相珍惜，互相尊重的朋友：这表明，即使面临不同的宗教信仰，破裂的关系也可以修复，古老的伤口也可以愈合。

这一点对于现在来说尤为重要。当今社会，宗教引起的暴力给中东，沙哈拉沙漠以南和亚洲带来了混乱和破坏。基督徒们正在遭受痛苦，穆斯林和犹太人也是如此。

我们现在需要的是新的，更广泛的《教会对非基督宗教态度宣言》，团结起所有伟大的信仰，订立共同尊重和承担责任的契约。我们需要每一个宗教的领导人公开宣布，我们今天以宗教的名义所做的一切实际上都是亵渎信仰，违反其最神圣的原则。

历经了残酷的犹太人大屠杀才换来《教会对非基督宗教态度宣言》。我们不要等到对人类和上帝的另一次重大罪恶才清醒。尽管我们的信仰不同，我们却都代表着上帝。我们要尊重所有人类才是对上帝的尊重。

1 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

2 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

3 holocaust   

n.大破坏；大屠杀

参考例句：

• The Auschwitz concentration camp always remind the world of the holocaust.奥辛威茨集中营总是让世人想起大屠杀。
• Ahmadinejad is denying the holocaust because he's as brutal as Hitler was.内贾德否认大屠杀，因为他像希特勒一样残忍。

4 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

5 estrangement   

n.疏远，失和，不和

参考例句：

• a period of estrangement from his wife 他与妻子分居期间
• The quarrel led to a complete estrangement between her and her family. 这一争吵使她同家人完全疏远了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 hostility   

n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争

参考例句：

• There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
• His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。

7 testimony   

n.证词；见证，证明

参考例句：

• The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。
• He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。

8 chaos   

n.混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.停电后，城市一片混乱。
• The typhoon left chaos behind it.台风后一片混乱。

9 Christians   

n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
• His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。

10 covenant   

n.盟约，契约；v.订盟约

参考例句：

• They refused to covenant with my father for the property.他们不愿与我父亲订立财产契约。
• The money was given to us by deed of covenant.这笔钱是根据契约书付给我们的。

11 mutual   

adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的

参考例句：

• We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
• Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。

12 desecration   

n. 亵渎神圣, 污辱

参考例句：

• Desecration, and so forth, and lectured you on dignity and sanctity. 比如亵渎神圣等。想用尊严和神圣不可侵犯之类的话来打动你们。
• Desecration: will no longer break stealth. 亵渎：不再消除潜行。

13 violation   

n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯

参考例句：

• He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说，那是违反规则的。
• He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。