动词不定式与动词-ing形式

 　　动词不定式和动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语，在使用时分别有下面几点需要注意：

　　（一） 动词不定式

　　1．feel, hear, listen to 等感观动词和 have, let , make等使役动词后的补足语，在主动语态中，不定式不带to；在被动语态中，则必须带to。如：

　　I often hear him sing the song. / He is often heard to sing the song.

　　2. 不定式短语位于介词but, except, besides后时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do 的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。如：

　　She could do nothing but cry. / It has no choice but to lie down and sleep.

　　3. 不定式修饰的名词或代词与不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。如：

　　Have you got a key to unlock¹ the door? (A key unlocks² the door.)

　　4. 不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。如：

　　I have got a letter to write.( I write a letter.)

　　5.如果不定式作表语形容词的状语，且和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式。如：

　　The book is difficult to understand.( to understand the book)

　　（二） 动词 -ing形式

　　1． 不定式和动词 -ing形式都可以做主语，动词 -ing形式做主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为；不定式做主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：

　　Playing with fire is dangerous.（泛指玩火) / To play with fire will be dangerous.（指一具体动作）

　　2． admit, appreciate, avoid, consider等动词后一般用动词 -ing形式做宾语。

　　3． 在allow, advise, forbid, permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时，要用动名词形式；如果其后有名词或代词做宾语，然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时，其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。如：

　　We don't allow smoking³ here. / We don't allow students to smoke.

　　从下面每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　1. Every detail should be thought of ______ that nothing bad will happen during the Olympics.

　　A. make sure B. to make sure

　　C. making sure D. be made sure

　　2. I think ______ at the Net-bar will surprise Aunt Kate.

　　A. your being B. you are

　　C. you being D. you to be

　　3. —Did that book give the information you need?

　　—Yes, but ______, I have to read it entirely⁴.

　　A. for finding⁵ it B. to find it

　　C. finding D. finding it

　　4. — Did you enjoy your visit there?

　　— Yes, but I'm very sorry ______ so soon.

　　A. for leaving B. of leaving

　　C. to leave D. to have left

　　5. The professor spoke⁶ slowly enough to make his speech easy ______.

　　A. follow B. to follow

　　C. followed D. following

　　6. — I thought you had planned to practise the piano today.

　　— No. I did nothing but ______ computer games all day.

　　A. play B. to play

　　C. played D. playing

　　7. It is I, ______, that ______ blame for the fault.

　　A. not him; is to B. not he; is

　　C. not he; am to D. not him; are to

　　8. It is important for parents and young people to learn how to get through to each other and develop skills in understanding and ______ understood.

　　A. being B. be C. are D. to be

　　9. We still have many difficulties⁷ ______ in our socialist⁸ construction.

　　A. to overcome B. to be overcome

　　C. overcome D. to have overcome

　　10. The lost child desired nothing but ______ home to see his parents.

　　A. go B. to go C. going D. went

　　11. He was lucky enough ______ when he cheated in the exam.

　　A. not to be seen

　　B. to not have been seen

　　C. not to have been seen

　　D. to not be seen

　　12. Mrs Harley has a habit of asking questions ______.

　　A. but then not listen to the answers

　　B. and then not listen to the answers

　　C. but then not listening to the answers

　　D. and then doesn't listen to the answers

　　Keys： 1-6 BABDBA 7-12 CAABCC

1 unlock   

v.启示，揭示，开...的锁

参考例句：

• The border police required the traveler to unlock his luggage.边防警察要求旅客打开行李。
• We heard somebody unlock the door.我们听见有人开门锁。

2 unlocks   

v.开锁( unlock的第三人称单数 )；开启；揭开；开着，解开

参考例句：

• Appropriate and thoughtful self assertion unlocks talent, setting achievement in motion. 适当和周到的自我主张解锁人才，设置运动的成就。 来自互联网
• Then, the specific IP address unlocks the services and temporarily grants access. 然后，特定的IP地址解锁服务，临时同意访问。 来自互联网

3 smoking   

n.吸烟，抽烟；冒烟

参考例句：

• He was wise to give up smoking.他戒烟是明智的。
• He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking.他已决心戒烟、戒酒。

4 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

5 finding   

n.发现，发现物；调查的结果

参考例句：

• The finding makes some sense.该发现具有一定的意义。
• That's an encouraging finding.这是一个鼓舞人心的发现。

6 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

7 difficulties   

n.困难( difficulty的名词复数 )；难度；难事；麻烦

参考例句：

• I am acutely aware of the difficulties we face. 我十分清楚我们面临的困难。
• the difficulties of English syntax 英语句法的难点

8 socialist   

n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的

参考例句：

• China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
• His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。