简化宾语从句常见用法

 　　同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：

　　方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope¹， decide²， wish， choose， agree³， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：

　　Li Ming hopes⁴ he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.

　　We decided⁵ that we would⁶ help him. →We decided to help him.

　　方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：

　　She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.

　　注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：

　　Could⁷ you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？

　　方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：

　　The headmaster⁸ ordered⁹ that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

　　方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：

　　He insisted¹⁰ that he should go with us. →He insisted on going¹¹ with us.

　　The poor boy doesn't know when and where he was¹² born¹³. →The poor boy doesn't know the time and the place of his birth¹⁴.

　　方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：

　　Liu Ping found¹⁵ that there was a wallet¹⁶ lying¹⁷ on the ground¹⁸. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

　　方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：

　　It seemed¹⁹ that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.

　　除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：

　　I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.

　　Soon we found that the ground was covered²⁰ with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.

　　They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy.

1 hope   

vt.希望，期望；vi.希望，期待；n.希望，期望

参考例句：

• We hope you can come.我们希望你能来。
• Hope you'll enjoy yourself there.愿您度过愉快的一天。

2 decide   

vi./vt.决定；下决心

参考例句：

• It's a difficult question to decide.这是个难以决定的问题。
• I can't decide which to choose.我无法决定要选哪一个。

3 agree   

vi.同意，赞成，承认，适合；vt.同意

参考例句：

• I totally agree with you.我完全同意你的看法。
• They could not agree about who should do the work.对于谁该做这项工作，他们意见不一致。

4 hopes   

n.& v.希望n.希望( hope的名词复数 )；希望的东西；被寄予希望的人（或事物、情况）；抱有希望的理由v.希望，期望( hope的第三人称单数 )；[俚语]相信，认为；希望，盼望，期待

参考例句：

• He still hopes to win his claim against unfair dismissal . 他声称遭无理解雇，仍然希望赢得申诉。
• a politician who embodied the hopes of black youth 代表黑人青年希望的政治家

5 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

6 would   

aux.will的过去式；愿，要；常常；大概；将要，会

参考例句：

• Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说？
• Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗？

7 could   

v.能，可能(can的过去式)；aux.v.(can的过去式)能；可以

参考例句：

• Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗？
• I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。

8 headmaster   

n.(英)中小学校长

参考例句：

• Mr.Jones became headmaster last year.琼斯先生去年当了校长。
• The whole school like the headmaster.全校师生都喜欢这位校长.

9 ordered   

adj. 有序的，整齐的 动词order的过去式和过去分词形式

参考例句：

• The troops were ordered back to barracks . 士兵们被命令返回营房。
• I've ordered some flowers from the florist's. 我向花店订购了一些花。

10 insisted   

坚持

参考例句：

• Figlio, vai anche tu a vedere spesso il sangue? -insiste' il nonno. 他爷爷继续说：“我儿，你也常去卖血？”。 来自互联网

11 going   

n.去，离去，地面(或道路)的状况，工作情况；(复数形式）goings: 行为；adj.进行中的，流行的，现存的

参考例句：

• We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
• He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。

12 was   

v.(is,am的过去式)是，在

参考例句：

• He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
• He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。

13 born   

v.动词bear的过去分词；adj.出生的，与生俱来的

参考例句：

• The baby can cry as soon as he is born.婴儿生下来就会哭。
• I feel as if I had been born again.我有一种再生之感。

14 birth   

n.出身，血统，出生，诞生，出现，起源

参考例句：

• She gave birth to a fine healthy baby.她生了一个健康可爱的婴儿。
• She supports birth control.她赞成计划生育。

15 found   

v.建立，创立，创办；vbl.(find的过去分词)找到

参考例句：

• I found him at home.我发现他在家。
• The United Nations was found in 1945.联合国于1945年成立。

16 wallet   

n.皮夹，钱包

参考例句：

• I keep my wallet in an inside pocket.我把钱包放在里面的口袋里。
• It is terrible that she lost her wallet.糟透了，她丢失了钱包。

17 lying   

躺

参考例句：

• He was correct in his assertion that the minister had been lying. 他认定部长说谎，事实果然如此。
• She bridled at the suggestion that she was lying. 她对暗示她在说谎的言论嗤之以鼻。

18 ground   

n.土地，战场，场地；adj.土地的，地面上的；v.放在地上，使...搁浅，打基础

参考例句：

• The baby is playing on the ground.婴儿正在地上玩。
• He picked a pen from the ground.他从地上捡起一支钢笔。

19 seemed   

v.好像，仿佛( seem的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She seemed totally absorbed in her book. 她好像完全被这本书迷住了。
• My life seemed aimless. 我的生活似乎没有目标。

20 covered   

adj.大量的；有遮盖物的，（尤指）有顶的v.覆盖( cover的过去式和过去分词)；掩护；包括

参考例句：

• His face was covered in blood. 他满脸是血。
• His clothes were covered in dirt. 他的衣服沾满了污垢。