过去完成时的被动语态

 　　过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成，表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或状态，句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导时间状语。

　　We had built five new buildings by the end of last year.

　　过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式：

　　(1)肯定结构：主语+ had been done +其他成分

　　(2)否定结构：主语+ had not been done +其他成分

　　(3)疑问句结构：had +主语+ been done +其他成分;

　　疑问词+ had +主语+ been done +其他成分

　　过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况：

　　(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by, before等引导的时间状语连用。

　　By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished.

　　The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.

　　How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane¹ ended?

　　Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting?

　　(2)在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。

　　The said the production costs had been reduced.

　　The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.

　　The media² reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.

　　(3)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。

　　As the assignment³ had been done, he went on to search the Internet.

　　He did what he had been told to

　　另：当从句由 after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。

　　When he arrived, he called her.

　　They locked the door before they left.

1 hurricane   

n.飓风，暴风，暴风雨

参考例句：

• The hurricane destroyed the whole village.飓风把整个村子都毁掉了。
• A hurricane struck the city.飓风袭击了该城市。

2 media   

n.(medium的复数)媒体，新闻媒介，传播媒介

参考例句：

• The local media reported rioting across the country.当地媒体报道了全国范围的骚乱。
• His latest movie is being hyped up by the media.他新近的电影正被媒体大肆炒作。

3 assignment   

n.任务，作业；分配，指定

参考例句：

• His assignment was to follow the spy.分配给他的工作是跟踪这个间谍。
• He has got a new assignment.他得到一项新任命。