过去完成时had done结构常见句型

 　　过去完成时表示“过去的过去”发生的动作或存在的状态，因此其对比点是过去的动作或状态（大部分情况下以一般过去时did/was/were结构做比较）。为了同学们掌握方便，现就将其常见句型总结如下：

　　1．“By the end of +名词（短语），主语 + had done…”

　　例如：By the end of the day, most of the inhabitants¹ had left their homes.（到这一天，大部分居民已离开他们的家园。）

　　2．“主句（had done）, before + 过去时间状语 ”

　　例如：They had never seen so many of the locusts² before.（他们以前从未见过如此多的蝗虫）

　　I had reached the station before six o'clock.

　　（六点之前我已到达车站。）

　　3. “用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句，表示动作发生在这些动词之前。”

　　例如：She said that she had never been to Paris.（她说她从未去过巴黎。）

　　4．“By the time + 从句（did/was/were）, 主语 + had done…”

　　例如：By the time we arrived, everyone had received medical care.（我们到达时，每个人已接受了医疗护理。）

　　5．“主语 +had done…, before 从句（did/was/were）”

　　例如：Fortunately, the population had left the village before the volcano³ erupted⁴.（幸运的是，火山喷发前人们已离开了村庄。）

　　6．“主语 +had done…, when 从句（did/was/were）”

　　例如：They had already put the fire out when I returned to the village.（当我返回村子时，人们已将大火扑灭。）

　　7．“主语 + (did/was/were), after 从句（had done）”

　　例如：The earthquake happened in the daytime after people had already left home for work or school.（地震发生在白天，当时人们已离开家去上班或上学。）

　　8．“用在 Hardly(scarcely, barely)…when…, No sooner…than…句型中”

　　例如：Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down. （我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。）

　　No sooner had he left home than it began to rain. （他一离开家天就下起雨来。）

　　9．“用在 It /This/That was the first…time + that 从句 （had done）中”

　　例如：It was the third time that he had made the same mistake. （这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。）

　　10．“用在It was/had been + 一段时间 + since 从句 （had done）中”

　　例如：It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.（十年我们都没这麽高兴了。）

　　11．“hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose, want, think 等动词有时用过去完成时表示一个本来打算做而未做，曾经设想而未实现的事。”

　　例如：They had wanted to help but could not get here in time. (他们本想来帮忙，但未及时赶到。)

　　I had thought that he had died at least twenty years ago. (我原以为他至少死了十年。)

　　I had intended to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so. (我原打算过来看你，但受阻未成。)

　　12．“用于表示与过去事实相反的if 虚拟条件句中”

　　例如：If she had seen you yesterday, she would have told you the truth. (如果她昨天见过你，她已告诉你事实的真相。)

　　13．“用在 wish 后的宾语从句中，表示与过去事实相反。”

　　例如：I wished that he hadn't made such a mistake. (我希望他从未犯过这样的错误。)

　　以上是我们教材及练习题,高考题中常出现的过去完成时had done 结构基本句型的用法，希望对同学们彻底掌握这一时态有所帮助，我们可以在以后的学习中更加积累和完善。

1 inhabitants   

n.居民，住户， （栖息在某地区的）动物( inhabitant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They set fire to the city and massacred all the inhabitants. 他们放火烧了这座城市，而且屠杀了所有的居民。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He quartered his men on the inhabitants in the town. 他把他的部队安置在镇上的居民家中。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 locusts   

n.蝗虫( locust的名词复数 )；贪吃的人；破坏者；槐树

参考例句：

• a swarm of locusts 一大群蝗虫
• In no time the locusts came down and started eating everything. 很快蝗虫就飞落下来开始吃东西，什么都吃。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 volcano   

n.火山

参考例句：

• The volcano unexpectedly blew up early in the morning.火山一早突然爆发了。
• It is most risky to go and examine an active volcano.去探察活火山是非常危险的。

4 erupted   

v.爆发( erupt的过去式和过去分词 )；喷发；突然发生；出疹

参考例句：

• A volcano erupted and propelled rocks high into the sky. 火山爆发，把无数的石块抛向天空。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Laughter erupted from the audience. 笑声从观众席上爆发出来。 来自《简明英汉词典》