朋友圈热议人贩子死刑 在外国如何定罪？

 　　今天你的朋友圈被“人贩子一律死刑”刷屏了吗？暂且不管这是不是某网站的营销，我们先来看一下和拐卖儿童有关的英文，以及美国和加拿大对人贩子是如何定罪的，之后你就知道中国对于拐卖儿童是否量刑过轻了。

　　拐卖儿童：trafficking in children

　　例句：

　　In December, 2007, China’s State Council issued the National Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Women and Children.

　　2007年12月，国务院印发了《中国反对拐卖妇女儿童行动计划》。

　　trafficking（n. 非法交易）泛指各种非法买卖，例如human trafficking（人口买卖）、drug trafficking（毒品交易）、wildlife trafficking（野生动物非法交易）等。不过，贩卖奴隶是个例外，一般用slave trade，而不是slave trafficking。大约是因为在历史上奴隶交易曾经是合法的。

　　中国

　　在我国，拐卖儿童和拐卖妇女并称拐卖妇女、儿童罪，处罚从五年以上有期徒刑至死刑不等。刑法第240条规定：

　　Whoever abducts¹ and traffics in a woman or child shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment² of not less than five years but not more than 10 years and shall also be fined; if he falls under any of the following categories, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years or life imprisonment and shall also be fined or sentenced to confiscation³ of property; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to death and also to confiscation of property.

　　拐卖妇女、儿童的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；有下列情形之一的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产；情节特别严重的，处死刑，并处没收财产。

　　加拿大

　　在加拿大，非法买卖未成年人将被判处5年以上有期徒刑至终身监禁不等。1985年颁布的《刑法典》（Criminal Code）中规定：

　　(a)to imprisonment for life and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of six years if they kidnap, commit an aggravated⁴ assault or aggravated sexual assault against, or cause death to, the victim during the commission of the offence; or (b) to imprisonment for a term of not more than fourteen years and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of five years, in any other case.

　　(a)有绑架、严重人身伤害、严重性侵，或导致被害人死亡等情形时，处以6年以上有期徒刑，最高处以终身监禁；(b)其它情形处以5年以上、14年以下有期徒刑。

　　美国

　　美国的法律体系比较复杂，除了通行全国的联邦法之外，各州还有各自的法律。在《美国法典》（U.S. Code）中规定，贩卖人口将被处以20年以下有期徒刑，情节严重者最高可被处以终身监禁：

　　Whoever knowingly and willfully holds to involuntary servitude or sells into any condition of involuntary servitude, any other person for any term, or brings within the United States any person so held, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned⁵ not more than 20 years, or both. If death results from the violation⁶ of this section, or if the violation includes kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or the attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill, the defendant⁷ shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for any term of years or life, or both.

　　违反对方意愿蓄意奴役他人、出售他人使其被迫被奴役、或使他人进入美国并被奴役，将被处以罚金或20年以下有期徒刑。如造成死亡，或包括绑架、蓄意绑架、严重性虐待、蓄意严重性虐待、蓄意谋杀等情形，将被处以罚金或最高终身监禁，或同时处以罚金和监禁。

1 abducts   

劫持，诱拐( abduct的第三人称单数 )； 使（肢体等）外展

参考例句：

• Magua himself abducts Cora. 马古亚劫持了科拉。
• So when the evil queen abducts her, it is up the dwarves to save her life. 后来邪恶的皇后协持她，究竟救不救她的性命就由七个小矮人来决定。

2 imprisonment   

n.关押，监禁，坐牢

参考例句：

• His sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。
• He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment for committing bigamy.他因为犯重婚罪被判入狱一年。

3 confiscation   

n. 没收, 充公, 征收

参考例句：

• Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels. 没收一切流亡分子和叛乱分子的财产。 来自英汉非文学 - 共产党宣言
• Confiscation of smuggled property is part of the penalty for certain offences. 没收走私财产是对某些犯罪予以惩罚的一部分。

4 aggravated   

使恶化( aggravate的过去式和过去分词 )； 使更严重； 激怒； 使恼火

参考例句：

• If he aggravated me any more I shall hit him. 假如他再激怒我，我就要揍他。
• Far from relieving my cough, the medicine aggravated it. 这药非但不镇咳，反而使我咳嗽得更厉害。

5 imprisoned   

下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He was imprisoned for two concurrent terms of 30 months and 18 months. 他被判处30个月和18个月的监禁，合并执行。
• They were imprisoned for possession of drugs. 他们因拥有毒品而被监禁。

6 violation   

n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯

参考例句：

• He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说，那是违反规则的。
• He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。

7 defendant   

n.被告；adj.处于被告地位的

参考例句：

• The judge rejected a bribe from the defendant's family.法官拒收被告家属的贿赂。
• The defendant was borne down by the weight of evidence.有力的证据使被告认输了。