脱欧后英国经济急剧下降 这么作你们悔了吗

 　　Britain's decision to leave the EU has led to a "dramatic deterioration¹" in economic activity, not seen since the aftermath of the financial crisis.

　　英国脱欧已导致经济活动“急剧恶化”，其严重程度为金融危机余波以来之最。

　　Data from IHS Markit's Purchasing Managers' Index, or PMI, shows a fall to 47.7 in July, the lowest level since April in 2009. A reading below 50 indicates contraction².

　　研究机构IHS Markit数据显示，7月份英国采购经理人指数或PMI降至47.7，为2009年4月以来的最低水平。该指数降至50以下则意味着经济萎缩。

　　The report surveyed more than 650 services companies, from sectors³ including transport, business services, computing⁴ and restaurants. It asked them: "Is the level of business activity at your company higher, the same or lower than one month ago?" It also asked manufacturers whether production had gone up or down.

　　这份报告调查了650多家服务业公司，涉及到交通运输、商业服务、计算机和餐饮业。这些公司需回答“贵公司商业活动与一个月前相比较为活跃，保持不变，抑或有所减弱？”调查中还询问了制造商的生产水平是上升了还是下降了。

　　Record slump⁵

　　创纪录的下跌

　　Chris Williamson, chief economist⁶ at IHS Markit, said the downturn had been "most commonly attributed in one way or another to 'Brexit'." "The only other times we have seen this index fall to these low levels, was the global financial crisis in 2008/9, the bursting of the dot com bubble, and the 1998 Asian financial crisis," Mr Williamson told the BBC.

　　IHS Markit首席经济学家克里斯·威廉姆斯称指数下降“很明显在这方面或那方面受到了英国脱欧的影响”。威廉姆斯先生还对BBC说：“指数下降到如此低的水平，我们只见过为数不多的几次：2008年9月的全球金融危机、互联网泡沫爆炸、1998年的亚洲金融危机。”

　　The difference this time is that it is entirely⁷ home-grown, which suggest the impact could be greater on the UK economy than before.

　　本次指数下降的不同之处在于它完全是内生性的，也就意味着它会对英国经济造成比以往更大的影响。

　　Heading for recession

　　走向衰退

　　Samuel Tombs, chief UK economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics, said the figures provided the "first major evidence that the UK is entering a sharp downturn". Neil Wilson, markets analyst⁸ at ETX Capital, said he thought the UK was "heading for a recession again", and that the data would almost certainly prompt the Bank of England to roll out further stimulus⁹.

　　潘西恩宏观经济咨询公司首席经济学家塞缪尔·托姆斯称这些数据“首次印证了英国经济正急剧下滑”。ETX Capital的市场分析师尼尔·威尔逊说，他认为英国“正再次走向衰退”，而且这些数据几乎一定会促使英格兰银行展开进一步的经济刺激计划。

　　The pound has fallen in response to the publication of the data.

　　数据公布后，英镑也随之下跌。

　　The UK's new chancellor¹⁰, Philip Hammond, urged caution. "Let's be clear, the PMI data is a measure of sentiment, it's not a measure of any hard activity in the economy. What it tells us is businesses confidence has been dented¹¹, they're not sure, they're in a period of uncertainty¹² now." Earlier on Friday, Mr Hammond said that he might "reset¹³" Britain's fiscal¹⁴ policy.

　　英国新任财政大臣菲利普·哈蒙德敦促各方警惕。“我们要清楚，PMI指数只能测量人们的情绪，却不能测量任何实体经济活动。它只能告诉我们商业信心受挫了，他们无法确定，他们正处于一种不确定的时期。”早在周五，哈蒙德先生就说他可能“重启”英国的财政政策。

　　No surprise

　　意料之中

　　While IHS Markit's reading on the UK economy was worse than most analysts¹⁵ expected, its verdict on the wider eurozone economy was more cheery.

　　尽管IHS Markit的英国经济数据低于大多数分析师的期待，它对更广泛的欧元区经济状况判断却较为乐观。

　　Europe Economics' Andrew Lilico, who argued during the referendum campaign that leaving the EU would be beneficial for the UK in the long term, told the BBC the PMI data was "no surprise", and that it "doesn't tell us much about what Brexit's longer term impact will be".

　　《欧洲经济学》的安德鲁·利里克曾在公投期间声称离开欧盟会为英国带来长期效益，他对BBC说PMI数据在“意料之中”，它“并不能告诉我们英国脱欧会带来怎样的长期影响”。

　　Mr Lilico said he always expected a short-term reaction, and those who voted to leave, "expected a short-term slowdown too".

　　利里克先生说他早就预料到会有短期的反应，而且那些投票脱欧的人“也都预料到会带来短期的经济放缓”。

 

1 deterioration   

n.退化；恶化；变坏

参考例句：

• Mental and physical deterioration both occur naturally with age. 随着年龄的增长，心智和体力自然衰退。
• The car's bodywork was already showing signs of deterioration. 这辆车的车身已经显示出了劣化迹象。

2 contraction   

n.缩略词，缩写式，害病

参考例句：

• The contraction of this muscle raises the lower arm.肌肉的收缩使前臂抬起。
• The forces of expansion are balanced by forces of contraction.扩张力和收缩力相互平衡。

3 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

4 computing   

n.计算

参考例句：

• to work in computing 从事信息处理
• Back in the dark ages of computing, in about 1980, they started a software company. 早在计算机尚未普及的时代（约1980年），他们就创办了软件公司。

5 slump   

n.暴跌，意气消沉，（土地）下沉；vi.猛然掉落，坍塌，大幅度下跌

参考例句：

• She is in a slump in her career.她处在事业的低谷。
• Economists are forecasting a slump.经济学家们预言将发生经济衰退。

6 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

7 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

8 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

9 stimulus   

n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物

参考例句：

• Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts.把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。
• Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.光是促进植物生长的一个因素。

10 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

11 dented   

v.使产生凹痕( dent的过去式和过去分词 )；损害；伤害；挫伤（信心、名誉等）

参考例句：

• The back of the car was badly dented in the collision. 汽车尾部被撞后严重凹陷。
• I'm afraid I've dented the car. 恐怕我把车子撞瘪了一些。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

13 reset   

v.重新安排，复位；n.重新放置；重放之物

参考例句：

• As soon as you arrive at your destination,step out of the aircraft and reset your wristwatch.你一到达目的地，就走出飞机并重新设置手表时间。
• He is recovering from an operation to reset his arm.他做了一个手臂复位手术，正在恢复。

14 fiscal   

adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的

参考例句：

• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
• The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

15 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。