应鼓励女性参与经济

 　　At the World Bank Group and International Monetary¹ Fund spring meetings last week in Washington, a central theme was how to accelerate sustainable, inclusive economic growth. But as world leaders seek to reignite the global economy, a large part of the formula for growth and stability is undervalued: the economic empowerment of women.

　　在最近华盛顿召开的世界银行集团(World Bank Group)和国际货币基金组织(IMF)春季会议上，一个中心主题是如何加快可持续的包容性经济增长。然而，就在世界领导人寻求重焕全球经济的活力之际，增长和稳定“配方”中的一个重要部分被低估：女性经济赋权。

　　Only 55 per cent of women participate in the paid labour force globally and they continue to be an untapped source of growth. This is an invaluable² asset with proven returns, but we have not invested the resources to unleash³ women’s full potential. The evidence is overwhelming that supporting women’s economic participation⁴ has enormous dividends⁵ for families, communities, and whole economies.

　　在全球范围内，只有55%的女性从事有偿工作，她们继续是未得到有效开发的增长来源。这是一项宝贵的资产，有着得到证实的回报，但我们没有投入资源来释放女性的全部潜能。大量证据证明，支持女性参与经济会给家庭、社会乃至整个经济带来巨大好处。

　　Research by the World Bank Group, the IMF, the OECD, and private sector⁶ studies concludes that we can add billions to the global economy by creating an enabling environment, increasing women’s labour force participation and business ownership, and improving the productivity of their work. These actions also grow national economies and make countries more competitive. Closing gender⁷ gaps makes sense at the macroeconomic level and also at the company level. Research shows a correlation⁸ between the number of women on boards and higher corporate⁹ profits.

　　世界银行集团的研究、IMF、经合组织(OECD)以及私营部门的研究都得出结论认为，通过创造支持的环境，提高女性劳动参与率和企业所有权，并提高她们在工作中的生产率，我们能够使全球经济规模扩大数十亿美元。这些行动还有助于发展国民经济，提升国家竞争力。无论是在宏观经济还是在公司层面，消除性别差距都是有意义的。研究显示，董事会的女性数量以及更高的企业利润之间存在关联。

　　Beyond the economic impact, studies show that women tend to allocate¹⁰ more of their income to food, healthcare and education — in short, goods that benefit their children and have multiplier effects for generations.

　　除了经济影响，研究还显示，女性往往会把更多的收入用来购买食品、医疗和教育——简言之，这些购买有利于她们的子女，对后代具有乘数效应。

　　Yet despite overwhelming evidence of the benefits of investing in female entrepreneurs and women in the workplace, progress has stalled. The World Economic Forum¹¹’s 2016 Global Gender Gap Report estimated that achieving economic parity¹² between genders¹³ could take 170 years. That is unacceptable.

　　然而，尽管大量证据证明投资于女性企业家和女性员工是有好处的，但实际进展陷入停滞。世界经济论坛(WEF)的《2016年全球性别差距报告》(Global Gender Gap Report)估计，实现性别之间的经济平等可能要花费170年。这是不可接受的。

　　World Bank Group research shows that female-owned enterprises make up only 38 per cent of formal small and medium enterprises in emerging markets. Among women who have started businesses, only 10 per cent have access to the capital they need to grow them.

　　世界银行集团的研究显示，在新兴市场，由女性所有的正规中小企业仅占总数的38%。在创办企业的女性中，只有10%能够获得企业扩张所需的资金。

　　From a global standpoint, female entrepreneurs are further disadvantaged by legislation impeding¹⁴ women’s economic opportunities, restricting them from certain professions, preventing them from travelling, and constraining¹⁵ their ability to inherit or own land. Women-owned enterprises are concentrated in a narrower range of sectors¹⁶, largely those with lower profit margins¹⁷ and export potential.

　　从全球视角看，阻碍女性经济机遇的立法让女性企业家进一步处于不利局面，这些立法限制女性进入某些职业，阻碍她们旅行，制约她们继承或拥有土地的能力。由女性所有的企业集中在较少的行业，基本上是那些利润率和出口潜力都较低的行业。

　　This week Angela Merkel, Germany’s chancellor¹⁸, hosts the W20 summit in Berlin, focusing on promoting women’s economic empowerment as an integral part of the G20 agenda.

　　最近，德国总理安格拉?默克尔(Angela Merkel)主持了在柏林召开的20国集团(G20)妇女峰会（即W20峰会），此次峰会聚焦于推动女性经济赋权，作为G20议程不可分割的一部分。

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　　We know what works. We need to increase access to finance, redistribute care work, accelerate progress to financial inclusion, and offer programmes that train female entrepreneurs and help them access higher value markets. We need to develop new legal and regulatory frameworks to boost women’s growth and productivity. The right skills training enhances women’s capacity to manage their businesses. And mentorship opportunities and access to networks bring learning opportunities and connections to capital and markets.

　　我们知道哪些措施有效。我们需要扩大融资渠道、重新分配护理工作、加快朝向金融包容的进展，以及推出相关计划，培训女企业家，并帮助她们打入更高价值的市场。我们需要制定新的法律和监管框架，促进女性的成长并提高生产率。正确的技能培训会增强女性管理企业的能力。而辅导机会和加入网络会带来学习机会，开启通向资本和市场的大门。

　　Groups like the W20, the World Economic Forum, World Bank, and the UN Secretary-General’s high-level panel on women’s economic empowerment have been instrumental in reinforcing the case for investing in women, identifying effective solutions. Policy leaders, executives, economists¹⁹, and other academics all agree that one of the most powerful ways to grow the global economy is to expand the role of women in business.

　　W20峰会、世界经济论坛、世界银行和联合国(UN)秘书长有关女性经济赋权的高层委员会等组织，对于强调投资于女性、找出有效解决方案的理由起着重要作用。政策领导者、高管、经济学家和其他学者都认为，促进全球经济增长的最强大途径之一是扩大女性在商界的角色。

　　Our challenge now is to work together — in public and private sectors — to move decisively to invest in women worldwide.

　　我们现在的挑战是开展合作（无论是在公共部门还是在私营部门），采取果断行动投资于世界各地的女性。

　　The writers are the US first daughter and adviser to the president; and the president of the World Bank

　　本文作者分别是美国总统的长女、总统顾问；以及世界银行行长

1 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

2 invaluable   

adj.无价的，非常宝贵的，极为贵重的

参考例句：

• A computer would have been invaluable for this job.一台计算机对这个工作的作用会是无法估计的。
• This information was invaluable to him.这个消息对他来说是非常宝贵的。

3 unleash   

vt.发泄，发出；解带子放开

参考例句：

• They hope to create allies to unleash against diseases,pests,and invasive species.他们希望创造出一些新群体来对付疾病、害虫和一些有侵害性的物种。
• Changing water levels now at times unleash a miasma of disease from exposed sewage.如今，大坝不时地改变水位，从暴露的污水释放出了疾病瘴气。

4 participation   

n.参与，参加，分享

参考例句：

• Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
• The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。

5 dividends   

红利( dividend的名词复数 )； 股息； 被除数； （足球彩票的）彩金

参考例句：

• Nothing pays richer dividends than magnanimity. 没有什么比宽宏大量更能得到厚报。
• Their decision five years ago to computerise the company is now paying dividends. 五年前他们作出的使公司电脑化的决定现在正产生出效益。

6 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

7 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

8 correlation   

n.相互关系，相关，关连

参考例句：

• The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
• A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position.教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。

9 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

10 allocate   

vt.分配，分派；把…拨给；把…划归

参考例句：

• You must allocate the money carefully.你们必须谨慎地分配钱。
• They will allocate fund for housing.他们将拨出经费建房。

11 forum   

n.论坛，讨论会

参考例句：

• They're holding a forum on new ways of teaching history.他们正在举行历史教学讨论会。
• The organisation would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.这个组织将提供一个可以讨论问题的平台。

12 parity   

n.平价，等价，比价，对等

参考例句：

• The two currencies have now reached parity.这两种货币现已达到同等价值。
• Women have yet to achieve wage or occupational parity in many fields.女性在很多领域还没能争取到薪金、职位方面的平等。

13 genders   

n.性某些语言的（阳性、阴性和中性，不同的性有不同的词尾等）( gender的名词复数 )；性别；某些语言的（名词、代词和形容词）性的区分

参考例句：

• There are three genders in German: masculine, feminine and neuter. 德语中有叁性：阳性、阴性和中性。 来自辞典例句
• Japan was fourth among the genders of foreign students. 日本在二十个留美学生输送地中列第四位。 来自互联网

14 impeding   

a.(尤指坏事)即将发生的，临近的

参考例句：

• Fallen rock is impeding the progress of rescue workers. 坠落的石头阻滞了救援人员的救援进程。
• Is there sufficient room for the kiosk and kiosk traffic without impeding other user traffic? 该环境下是否有足够的空间来摆放信息亭？信息亭是否会妨碍交通或者行走？ 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

15 constraining   

强迫( constrain的现在分词 )； 强使； 限制； 约束

参考例句：

• He was constraining his mind not to wander from the task. 他克制着不让思想在工作时开小差。
• The most constraining resource in all of these cases is venture capital. 在所有这些情况下最受限制的资源便是投入资本。

16 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

17 margins   

边( margin的名词复数 )； 利润； 页边空白； 差数

参考例句：

• They have always had to make do with relatively small profit margins. 他们不得不经常设法应付较少的利润额。
• To create more space between the navigation items, add left and right margins to the links. 在每个项目间留更多的空隙，加左或者右的margins来定义链接。

18 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

19 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》