人教全日制普通高中英语（必修）高二上05课文

[00:04.78]Reading The British Isles²
[00:09.53]The idea that England stands for Fish Chips,Speakers' Comer,
[00:16.20]Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.
[00:21.47]Though many people around the world study its language,
[00:26.51]their view of British culture is sometimes narrow.
[00:31.56]The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many
[00:38.50]Within Great Britain for many years now,
[00:42.87]there has been a growing movement to make the most of its cultural diversity⁴
[00:49.42]to see it as it really is:
[00:53.50]a nation of different countries held together by a common language and culture.
[01:00.55]The British Isles are a group of islands that lies off the west coast of Europe.
[01:07.63]The largest island is called Britain,
[01:11.58]which is separated⁵ from France by the English Channel,
[01:16.62]which at one point is only 20 miles wide.
[01:21.66]It forms the mainland⁶ of Great Britain and consists of three countries:
[01:28.03]Scotland⁷ in the north,Wales⁸ in the west and England in the south and east.
[01:35.79]The island just west of Britain is called Ireland⁹.
[01:41.12]Between Britain and Ireland,in the Irish¹¹ Sea,lies the small Isle¹ of Man.
[01:48.67]The British Isles are surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west,
[01:54.55]and the North Sea to the east.
[01:58.31]The climate of the British Isles is mild¹² with a lot of rain.
[02:03.87]In general, Scotland is colder throughout¹³ the year,and receives more rain.
[02:10.22]It rains a lot in England and Wales too,but the temperatures are more pleasant.
[02:16.99]In the summer months the difference in temperature bet¹⁰ ween London
[02:22.63]and the north can be as much as nine degrees!
[02:27.38]The coldest months are January and February,
[02:31.93]while the warmest months are July and August.
[02:36.89]The culture of the people of the British Isles
[02:41.44]was influenced by the culture of the people on the European mainland.
[02:47.18]In the fifth century,
[02:50.53]people from different parts of northern Europe settled¹⁴ in England,
[02:56.30]bringing their own culture and language with them.
[03:00.56]Their languages formed the basis for English.
[03:05.10]Some of the native population moved to the inland,
[03:09.96]mountainous parts of the islands,
[03:14.12]to Ireland,Scotland and Wales,where they continued speaking their own languages.
[03:20.67]In 1066 England was conquered¹⁵ by the French.
[03:26.42]For the next few hundred years the upper classes spoke¹⁶ French
[03:32.19]while the common people spoke English.
[03:36.35]The result of this French influence was that the English language
[03:42.20]ended up with many French words such as table,animal and age.
[03:49.67]The United¹⁷ Kingdom has a long history.
[03:53.61]England and Scotland are kingdoms.
[03:57.45]The first two countries forming the Union were England and Wales in 1536.
[04:04.82]Wales had already been conquered by England in 1283,
[04:10.67]but it was not until 250 years later that they formed a single state.
[04:17.44]Scotland joined later in 1707,
[04:22.09]while the southern part of Ireland was only part of the UK for some time,
[04:28.46]and is now an independent republic.
[04:32.40]Only the northern counties¹⁸,making up Northern Ireland,
[04:37.68]are still part of the United Kingdom.
[04:41.76]The smaller islands,such as the Isle of Man,
[04:46.72]are neither part of the United Kingdom nor independent.
[04:52.08]They are ruled by the King of England.
[04:56.12]In modern times,people throughout the British Isles speak English.
[05:02.00]However,there are still people who also speak the older European languages,
[05:08.66]Welsh and Irish.
[05:12.14]There are six spoken languages that are considered to be native to the British Isles
[05:18.48]as well as two local accents.
[05:22.56]That most of these are now threatened
[05:26.40]and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.
[05:31.86]They realise¹⁹ that it is of great value to record
[05:37.03]teach them to the younger generation

[05:40.79]Integrating²⁰ skills Reading
[05:48.84]ENGLAND,MY ENGLAND
[05:52.71]It is twenty-five miles across the fields to Salisbury.
[05:57.85]Sheep can be seen everywhere and the great number of them is really wonderful.
[06:04.41]All around the city of Salisbury,as far as twenty-two miles to the west,
[06:11.17]and six miles south,down to the coast,farmers raise sheep.
[06:17.94]There could be as many as six hundred thousand sheep
[06:22.90]fed within six miles of Salisbury,
[06:27.13]measuring every way round and the town in the centre.
[06:32.57]As we travelled through this country,
[06:36.33]we saw many old relics²¹ from ancient times
[06:41.58]and ruins of the native population of this kingdom.
[06:46.65]These are interesting to a traveller²²
[06:50.59]who has read something of the history of the country
[06:55.56]The cathedral²³ is famous for the height of its tower,
[07:00.83]which is without doubt the highest and the most handsome in England,
[07:06.58]being from the ground 404 feet.
[07:11.83]Salisbury itself is a large and fine city.
[07:16.79]It is built where two rivers come together.
[07:21.18]Neither of them is very big,but they become a large river when joined together,
[07:29.72]and yet larger when joined by a third river,about three miles below the city.
[07:36.67]Then,through a deep channel they flow through some gardens,
[07:42.24]and down to Christchurch,into the sea.
[07:46.68]The city of Salisbury has two important kinds of produce and trade,
[07:53.73]which employ the poor of a great part of the country round namely²⁴,
[07:58.88]making cloth and sheets,called Salisbury Whites.
[08:05.96]The people of Salisbury are happy and rich.
[08:11.00]Their business is doing well,
[08:15.07]and there is a great deal of good manners²⁵ and good company among them.
[08:20.64]I have written before that this country has high hills,
[08:25.78]whose tops spread out into green fields upon which great numbers of sheep are fed.
[08:32.34]But I want to tell the reader that these hills and fields are most beautiful,
[08:38.71]with many small and clear rivers,and rich fields bearing²⁶ fruit and grain.
[08:45.77]All around we find nice little towns,villages and houses,
[08:52.14]and among them many of good size.
[08:56.82]So you look at the fields and think the country wild and empty,
[09:02.98]and yet when you come down the hills you are surprised with the most beautiful
[09:09.75]and rich country in England.
[09:13.82]Work book
[09:20.07]Unit 5 Integrating skills reading
[09:26.73]IRELAND: THE ISLAND IN THE WEST
[09:31.59]The island of Ireland is just west of the UK
[09:36.86]and is the westernmost island in Europe.
[09:40.99]Although a small country, it has an amazing history of over 5,000 years.
[09:48.04]Few places on the planet²⁷ are as packed with history as Ireland.
[09:53.50]Everywhere you look there are castles and historical²⁸ places.
[09:58.78]In Ireland the past is part of the present
[10:03.32]part of the people and part of its culture.
[10:08.00]For much of its history,
[10:11.24]Ireland lay hidden behind its bigger neighbour,Great Britain.
[10:16.41]In fact,Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
[10:23.07]for many centuries until the 1920s.
[10:28.35]In 1921,the southern part of Ireland became independent
[10:34.80]and the Republic of Ireland was founded.
[10:38.77]It is a state that covers more than 70,000 square kilometres,
[10:44.41]or five-sixths of the island of Ireland.
[10:48.86]It has four provinces,which altogether consist of 26 counties and 6 urban²⁹ areas.
[10:57.40]Northern Ireland is part of the UK.
[11:01.34]The Republic of Ireland is a member of the European Union,and uses the euro.
[11:08.19]Ireland has a mild sea climate.
[11:11.95]The coldest months are January and February
[11:16.49]with air temperatures between 4 to 7 ~C during the day.
[11:23.26]The warmest months are July and August,when it is a quite cool 14 to 16'C.
[11:32.11]The sunniest months are May and June,
[11:36.19]with about five to seven hours of sunshine per day.
[11:41.23]As Ireland is surrounded by water

[11:45.31]it comes as no surprise that it rains quite a lot,just as in England and Wales.
[11:52.57]The population of the Republic of Ireland is thought to be about three million.
[11:58.73]Of those,over one million live in Dublin.
[12:03.49]Ireland has a young population,with 44% of the population under the age of 25.
[12:11.64]There are two official languages in Ireland:
[12:15.90]Irish,which is the national language,and English,
[12:21.67]which is the language of the majority of the population.
[12:26.42]Until the early nineteenth century,almost everyone in Ireland spoke Irish.
[12:32.88]The change to English happened quickly.
[12:36.74]By 1891 more than 85% of the population spoke English.
[12:43.40]Since Ireland became independent,
[12:47.16]the Irish government has recognised that if nothing is done,
[12:52.41]this part of Irish culture will disappear.
[12:56.65]A growing number of schools teach in the Irish language
[13:01.69]and radio and TV programmes have helped nearly 20% of the Irish people
[13:08.53]to develop language skills in both languages.
[13:13.29]The earliest Irish art is found carved on monuments³⁰ dating from 2,500 - 2,000 BC.
[13:22.66]The large,typical Irish stone crosses,seen across the country,
[13:28.91]date from the ninth and tenth centuries.
[13:33.06]Although Irish culture mostly developed under the wings of Great Britain,
[13:38.81]it has a quality of its own.
[13:42.36]It rings with magic and there is a dark and mysterious feeling to it.
[13:48.24]The many castles that are found everywhere around Ireland add to that idea.
[13:54.40]There is for example the famous Blarney Castle,
[13:59.68]which is known³ for the story of the Blarney Stone.
[14:04.54]The Stone is believed to have come from Scotland,
[14:09.27]where in early times it was used by kings because of its magic powers.
[14:15.20]One day the King of Ireland saved an old woman from drowning.
[14:20.26]The old lady turned out to be a witch³¹.
[14:24.10]To thank the king,she told him the secret of the Stone.
[14:29.15]The spell of the Blarney Stoneis
[14:33.12]that you can become fluent in English in return for kissing the Stone

1 isle   

n.小岛，岛

参考例句：

• He is from the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea.他来自爱尔兰海的马恩岛。
• The boat left for the paradise isle of Bali.小船驶向天堂一般的巴厘岛。

2 isles   

岛( isle的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the geology of the British Isles 不列颠群岛的地质
• The boat left for the isles. 小船驶向那些小岛。

3 known   

adj.大家知道的；知名的，已知的

参考例句：

• He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
• He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。

4 diversity   

n.差异，多样性；vt.使不同，使多样化

参考例句：

• Our party believes in encouraging cultural diversity,not diversion.我们党鼓励多种文化，而不是文化分歧。
• His object is to gather as great a diversity of material as possible.他的目标就是尽可能多地搜集各种材料。

5 separated   

adj.分开的v.分开(separate的过去式和过去分词)

参考例句：

• Her parents are separated but not divorced. 她父母分居但没离婚。
• No child should ever be separated from his mother by force. 绝不能强行使任何一个孩子与母亲分开。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 mainland   

n.大陆，本土

参考例句：

• The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。
• Hong Kong's prosperity relies heavily on mainland.香港的繁荣在很大程度上依赖于大陆。

7 Scotland   

n.苏格兰

参考例句：

• He has been hiking round Scotland for a month.他围着苏格兰徒步旅行了一个月。
• Scotland is to the north of England.苏格兰在英格兰之北。

8 Wales   

n.威尔士(在大不列颠岛西南部)

参考例句：

• The company are opening up a new factory in Wales.公司将在威尔士开一家新工厂。
• She teaches English at the University of Wales.她在威尔士大学教英语。

9 Ireland   

n.爱尔兰(西欧国家)；爱尔兰岛(西欧)

参考例句：

• Ireland lies to the west of England.爱尔兰位于英格兰之西。
• Dublin is the capital of Ireland.都柏林是爱尔兰的首都。

10 bet   

v.打赌，以(与)...打赌；n.赌注，赌金；打赌

参考例句：

• I bet you can't do this puzzle.我敢说，你解决不了这个难题。
• I offered to bet with him.我提出与他打赌。

11 Irish   

n.爱尔兰语；爱尔兰人；adj.爱尔兰(人)的

参考例句：

• He is from the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea.他来自爱尔兰海的马恩岛。
• The two volumes of collected Irish Stories are printed.两卷本的《爱尔兰故事集》已经印好了。

12 mild   

adj.温暖的，暖和的，（天气，尤指冬天）；性情温和的

参考例句：

• That coat is too heavy for such a mild day.这样暖和的天气，穿那件大衣太厚了。
• He is mild of manner.他举止温和。

13 throughout   

adv.到处，自始至终；prep.遍及，贯穿

参考例句：

• These magazines are sold at bookstores throughout the country.这些杂志在全国各地书店均有发售。
• Guilin is known throughout the world for its scenery.桂林以山水著称于世。

14 settled   

a.固定的；稳定的

参考例句：

• The dispute was settled without acrimony. 没有唇枪舌剑，这场纠纷就解决了。
• a settled way of life 安定的生活方式

15 conquered   

攻克( conquer的过去式和过去分词 )； 征服； 破除； 克服

参考例句：

• The Normans conquered England in 1066. 诺曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。
• The mines were manned by forced labour from conquered countries. 这些矿由来自被征服国家的强制劳工开采。

16 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

17 united   

adj.和谐的；团结的；联合的，统一的

参考例句：

• The whole nation is closely united.全国人民紧密团结。
• The two men were united by community of interests.共同的利益使两个人结合在一起。

18 counties   

郡，县( county的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The deposits spread for 100 kilometers across four counties. 这些矿藏绵延一百公里，跨越四个县。
• The Jinggang Mountains stand where the boundaries of four counties meet. 井冈山位于四县之交。

19 realise   

v.觉悟；明白；实现；兑现

参考例句：

• Wish you realise your dreams as early as possible!祝愿您早日实现自己的梦想！
• How much did you realise on the house?这所房子你们出售后赚了多少钱？

20 integrating   

使一体化( integrate的现在分词 )； 使整合； 使完整； 使结合成为整体

参考例句：

• We should carry out the policy of integrating unified planning with the principle of adaptation to local conditions. 我们应该执行计划同因事制宜的原则相结合的政策。
• Talks will now begin about integrating the activities of both companies. 关于合并两家公司业务的谈判现在将会开始。

21 relics   

[pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸

参考例句：

• The area is a treasure house of archaeological relics. 这个地区是古文物遗迹的宝库。
• Xi'an is an ancient city full of treasures and saintly relics. 西安是一个有很多宝藏和神圣的遗物的古老城市。

22 traveller   

n.旅馆；旅游者

参考例句：

• Almost every traveller carried about a camera.几乎每个旅行者都带着相机。
• It is nothing but a traveller's tale.这只不过是海外奇谈。

23 cathedral   

n.教区总教堂；大教堂

参考例句：

• We visited the magnificent cathedral.我们参观了宏伟的教堂。
• There's a cathedral in the town.镇里有一座大教堂。

24 namely   

adv.即，也就是

参考例句：

• Only one boy was absent, namely Harry.只有一个孩子缺席，就是哈利。
• Only one person can answer the question namely you.只有一个人能回答这个问题，那就是你。

25 manners   

n.礼貌；规矩

参考例句：

• You should mend your manners.你的态度应当纠正。
• His manners are rough,but he is a kind man at heart.他虽然举止粗鲁，但心地善良。

26 bearing   

n.关系，影响，举止，姿态，方位，方向

参考例句：

• What you said had not much bearing on the problem.你说的话跟这个问题没有多大关系。
• He preserved his grave and dignified bearing.他保持庄重威严的仪态。

27 planet   

n.行星

参考例句：

• Neptune is the furthest planet from the sun. 海王星是离太阳最远的行星。
• Rubbish, however, is only part of the problem of polluting our planet. 然而, 垃圾只是我们这个星球的污染问题的一个方面。

28 historical   

adj.历史的，史实的，历史上的

参考例句：

• The book is based on historical events.这本书是根据历史事件写成的。
• We have shared the same historical experiences.咱们有着共同的历史遭遇。

29 urban   

adj.都市的，住在都市的，习惯于都市的

参考例句：

• Traffic is a major urban problem.交通是城市的一个主要问题。
• The spread of urban areas endangers wildlife.扩大城市面积危害着野生物。

30 monuments   

纪念碑( monument的名词复数 )； 遗迹； 遗址； 丰碑

参考例句：

• The work is one of the great monuments of English literature. 此作品是英国文学的不朽名作之一。
• The monuments of men's ancestors were the most impressive exhortations. 先辈们的丰碑最能奋勉人心的。

31 witch   

n.巫婆，女巫；vt.施巫术，迷惑

参考例句：

• The witch changed the prince into a frog.巫婆把王子变成了青蛙。
• The heartless witch cast a spell on the poor little girl.狠心的女巫对孤苦无助的小女孩施了妖术。