2018年经济学人 移民:分离焦虑(2)

 

Other examples of deterrence¹ have fared no better.

其他威慑的例子也不是很好。

Britain's government concluded from the Brexit referendum that

英国政府从脱欧公投中得出结论，

it should redouble efforts to create a "hostile environment" for immigrants.

应加大力度，为移民创造一个“敌对环境”。

It ended up sending notices to people who had arrived in Britain from the Caribbean in the 1950s,

英国最终向20世纪50年代从加勒比海来到英国的人发出通知，

ordering them to produce documents to prove they were British.

命令这些人出示证明自己是英国人的文件。

The harassment², detention³ and deportations that followed resulted in the resignation of the home secretary.

随后的骚扰、拘留和驱逐导致内政大臣辞职。

Likewise, in 2015 European governments argued that rescuing boats carrying migrants from north Africa merely encouraged more to risk that journey.

同样，2015年，欧洲各国政府辩称，救助从北非来的移民船只，只会鼓励更多的人冒险踏上移民旅程。

Then as many as 1,200 people drowned in ten days, and Europeans were horrified⁵ at the cruelty being meted⁶ out in their name.

之后在十天内，多达1200人被淹死，欧洲人民对以他们的名义实施的残忍行径感到震惊。

European leaders concluded that voters were not pro-drowning after all.

欧洲领导人得出结论，选民终归还是不支持让人溺水而亡。

The left often concludes from this that people calling for enforcement are cruel and racist⁷.

左派经常从中得出这样的结论：呼吁强制执行的人是残酷的种族主义者。

But that is wrong, too.

但这也是错误的。

In principle countries must be able to secure their borders and uphold the law.

原则上，各国必须能够保护自己的边界、维护法律。

In practice a policy of neglect invites a backlash

而实际上，忽视政策会引起强烈反应，

that helps people like Matteo Salvini, leader of the Northern League (slogan: "Italians First"),

而这种强烈反应会帮助到诸如北方联盟领袖马特奥·萨尔维尼（口号是意大利人第一），

or Horst Seehofer, Germany's interior minister, who has threatened to bring down Angela Merkel.

以及威胁要让安格拉·默克尔垮台的德国内政部长霍斯特·泽霍费尔这样的人。

The outrage⁸ feeds on itself.

而震怒会不断滋长。

Mr Salvini wants to deport⁴ hundreds of thousands of migrants from Italy;

萨尔维尼先生想从意大利驱逐出去成千上万的移民；

Mr Seehofer wants to send tens of thousands of migrants to Italy.

泽霍费尔却想将成千上万的移民送去意大利。

The Platonic⁹ ideal of an immigration policy is one that has the consent of the host country.

移民政策的柏拉图式理想是东道主国的准许。

It treats migrants humanely¹⁰ but also firmly,

人道地对待移民，

swiftly returning those who arrived illegally or whose claims to asylum¹¹ have failed.

但同时也坚决迅速地遣返那些非法入境或申请庇护失败的人。

This is easy to prescribe but hard to enact¹².

规定很容易制定，但却很难执行。

Courts are overstretched, many cases are hard to adjudicate and poor countries may not want their citizens back.

法院超负荷运转，许多案件难以判决，穷国可能不希望本国公民回归。

And so rich countries tend to pay poorer ones to set up vast holding-pens for humans,

富国倾向于给穷国提供援助资金，让政府为难民建立居住地，

as Italy does with Libya and the EU does with Turkey.

正如意大利对利比亚，欧盟对土耳其一样。

This involves something which would not be tolerated at home,

很难忍受在自己国家发生的事，

but is somehow acceptable because it is out of sight.

某种程度上在视线之外却可以接受。

Europeans were right to condemn¹³ the separation of children.

欧洲人对于隔离家长和孩子的谴责是正确的。

But they face a wave of migrants from their populous¹⁴, poor, war-torn neighbours.

但是同时也会面临从人口众多、贫穷困苦、战火不断的邻国来的移民浪潮。

When they draw up their own policies, they should remember their discomfort¹⁵ this week.

欧洲人制定政策时，应该记住本周的不适。

1 deterrence   

威慑，制止； 制止物，制止因素； 挽留的事物； 核威慑

参考例句：

• An extreme school of "disarmers" pronounced stable deterrence was a dangerous deception. “裁军论者”中的极端派声称，稳定的威摄是一种危险的骗局。
• Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。

2 harassment   

n.骚扰，扰乱，烦恼，烦乱

参考例句：

• She often got telephone harassment at night these days.这些天她经常在夜晚受到电话骚扰。
• The company prohibits any form of harassment.公司禁止任何形式的骚扰行为。

3 detention   

n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下

参考例句：

• He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
• He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。

4 deport   

vt.驱逐出境

参考例句：

• We deport aliens who slip across our borders.我们把偷渡入境的外国人驱逐出境。
• More than 240 England football fans are being deported from Italy following riots last night.昨晚的骚乱发生后有240多名英格兰球迷被驱逐出意大利。

5 horrified   

a.(表现出)恐惧的

参考例句：

• The whole country was horrified by the killings. 全国都对这些凶杀案感到大为震惊。
• We were horrified at the conditions prevailing in local prisons. 地方监狱的普遍状况让我们震惊。

6 meted   

v.（对某人）施以，给予（处罚等）( mete的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The severe punishment was meted out to the unruly hooligan. 对那个嚣张的流氓已给予严厉惩处。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The money was meted out only after it had been carefully counted. 钱只有仔细点过之后才分发。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

7 racist   

n.种族主义者，种族主义分子

参考例句：

• a series of racist attacks 一连串的种族袭击行为
• His speech presented racist ideas under the guise of nationalism. 他的讲话以民族主义为幌子宣扬种族主义思想。

8 outrage   

n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒

参考例句：

• When he heard the news he reacted with a sense of outrage.他得悉此事时义愤填膺。
• We should never forget the outrage committed by the Japanese invaders.我们永远都不应该忘记日本侵略者犯下的暴行。

9 platonic   

adj.精神的；柏拉图（哲学）的

参考例句：

• Their friendship is based on platonic love.他们的友情是基于柏拉图式的爱情。
• Can Platonic love really exist in real life?柏拉图式的爱情，在现实世界里到底可能吗？

10 humanely   

adv.仁慈地；人道地；富人情地；慈悲地

参考例句：

• Is the primary persona being treated humanely by the product? 该产品对待首要人物角色时是否有人情味？ 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• In any event, China's interest in treating criminals more humanely has limits. 无论如何，中国对更人道地对待罪犯的兴趣有限。 来自互联网

11 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

12 enact   

vt.制定(法律)；上演，扮演

参考例句：

• The U.S. Congress has exclusive authority to enact federal legislation.美国国会是唯一有权颁布联邦法律的。
• For example,a country can enact laws and economic policies to attract foreign investment fairly quickly.例如一个国家可以很快颁布吸引外资的法令和经济政策。

13 condemn   

vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑

参考例句：

• Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他，而有些人谴责他。
• We mustn't condemn him on mere suppositions.我们不可全凭臆测来指责他。

14 populous   

adj.人口稠密的，人口众多的

参考例句：

• London is the most populous area of Britain.伦敦是英国人口最稠密的地区。
• China is the most populous developing country in the world.中国是世界上人口最多的发展中国家。

15 discomfort   

n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便

参考例句：

• One has to bear a little discomfort while travelling.旅行中总要忍受一点不便。
• She turned red with discomfort when the teacher spoke.老师讲话时她不好意思地红着脸。