2019年经济学人 宗教政治:穆斯林回归本土(3)

 

The trouble is that governments frequently lump in criminal actions with regressive norms. Germany is leading a drive to curb¹ foreign influence of mosques², train imams and control funding. France wants to cajole Muslims into a representative body. They are echoing the Muslim world, where Islam is often a state religion that is run, and stifled³, by governments.

问题是政府经常把犯罪行为和过时的规范混为一谈。为遏制清真寺的外来影响，德国正在领导一项运动，培训伊玛目，控制资金。法国想要哄骗穆斯林组成一个具有代表性的机构。他们是在呼应穆斯林世界，在那里，伊斯兰教通常是由政府管理和压制的国家宗教。

However, the top-down nannying of religion risks a backlash. Heavy-handed interference will alienate⁴ communities whose co-operation is needed to identify potential terrorists and abusers among them. Put on the defensive⁵, Muslims will deepen communal⁶ identities and retreat into the very segregation⁷ that intervention⁸ is supposed to reverse.

然而，自上而下的宗教保姆制度可能会遭到强烈反对。严厉的干预将疏远那些需要合作来识别潜在恐怖分子和施虐者的社区。若被迫处于守势，穆斯林将加深社会认同，退回到隔离状态，而干预本应逆转这种状态。

Rather than intervene in doctrine⁹, it is better to deal with social conservatism through argument and persuasion¹⁰. That can make for testy¹¹ debate. This week Ilhan Omar, a Democratic congresswoman from Minnesota, had to apologise for peddling¹² anti-Semitic tropes. The trickiest¹³ balance is over how to counter the radicalisation of Muslims, whether online or in prisons. This often involves vulnerable young people becoming more devout¹⁴ before turning to violence. But there are signs of progress. Although young Muslims are conservative by the standards of Western society (eg, on gay schoolteachers), they are more liberal than their elders.

对于社会保守主义，与其干涉教条，不如争辩、说服。这可能引起激烈争论。本周，来自明尼苏达州的民主党国会女议员伊尔汗·奥马尔，不得不为散布反犹太主义言论道歉。如何对抗穆斯林在网上或监狱的激进化是很难达到的平衡。牵涉其中的脆弱年轻人在诉诸暴力之前变得更加虔诚。但也有进步的迹象。尽管按照西方社会标准，年轻的穆斯林是保守的（比如，关于同性恋教师），但是年轻一代比其长辈更开明。

Islam belongs to Western history and culture. Muslims have governed parts of Europe for 13 centuries; they helped kindle¹⁵ the Renaissance¹⁶. If today’s varied¹⁷ and liberal form of Islam continues to flourish, it may even serve as an example of tolerance¹⁸ for the rest of the Muslim world.

伊斯兰教属于西方历史文化。穆斯林统治欧洲部分地区已有13个世纪；并助燃了文艺复兴。如果今天多样化和自由主义的伊斯兰教继续蓬勃发展，甚至可能成为宽容其他穆斯林世界的一个例子。

1 curb   

n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制

参考例句：

• I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
• You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。

2 mosques   

清真寺； 伊斯兰教寺院，清真寺； 清真寺，伊斯兰教寺院( mosque的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Why make us believe that this tunnel runs underneath the mosques? 为什么要让我们相信这条隧洞是在清真寺下？
• The city's three biggest mosques, long fallen into disrepair, have been renovated. 城里最大的三座清真寺，过去年久失修，现在已经修复。

3 stifled   

（使）窒息， （使）窒闷( stifle的过去式和过去分词 )； 镇压，遏制； 堵

参考例句：

• The gas stifled them. 煤气使他们窒息。
• The rebellion was stifled. 叛乱被镇压了。

4 alienate   

vt.使疏远，离间；转让(财产等)

参考例句：

• His attempts to alienate the two friends failed because they had complete faith.他离间那两个朋友的企图失败了，因为他们彼此完全信任。
• We'd better not alienate ourselves from the colleagues.我们最好还是不要与同事们疏远。

5 defensive   

adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的

参考例句：

• Their questions about the money put her on the defensive.他们问到钱的问题，使她警觉起来。
• The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids.政府急忙布置了防卫措施抵御空袭。

6 communal   

adj.公有的，公共的，公社的，公社制的

参考例句：

• There was a communal toilet on the landing for the four flats.在楼梯平台上有一处公共卫生间供4套公寓使用。
• The toilets and other communal facilities were in a shocking state.厕所及其他公共设施的状况极其糟糕。

7 segregation   

n.隔离，种族隔离

参考例句：

• Many school boards found segregation a hot potato in the early 1960s.在60年代初，许多学校部门都觉得按水平分班是一个棘手的问题。
• They were tired to death of segregation and of being kicked around.他们十分厌恶种族隔离和总是被人踢来踢去。

8 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

9 doctrine   

n.教义；主义；学说

参考例句：

• He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
• The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。

10 persuasion   

n.劝说；说服；持有某种信仰的宗派

参考例句：

• He decided to leave only after much persuasion.经过多方劝说，他才决定离开。
• After a lot of persuasion,she agreed to go.经过多次劝说后，她同意去了。

11 testy   

adj.易怒的；暴躁的

参考例句：

• Ben's getting a little testy in his old age.上了年纪后本变得有点性急了。
• A doctor was called in to see a rather testy aristocrat.一个性格相当暴躁的贵族召来了一位医生为他检查。

12 peddling   

忙于琐事的，无关紧要的

参考例句：

• He worked as a door-to-door salesman peddling cloths and brushes. 他的工作是上门推销抹布和刷子。
• "If he doesn't like peddling, why doesn't he practice law? "要是他不高兴卖柴火，干吗不当律师呢？

13 trickiest   

adj.狡猾的( tricky的最高级 )；（形势、工作等）复杂的；机警的；微妙的

参考例句：

• Many believe this is the trickiest area to navigate. 很多人认为这是最难驾驭的领域。 来自时文部分
• Establishing confidence in a new monetary system was the trickiest part. 建立对新货币体系的信心是其最棘手的部分。 来自互联网

14 devout   

adj.虔诚的，虔敬的，衷心的 (n.devoutness)

参考例句：

• His devout Catholicism appeals to ordinary people.他对天主教的虔诚信仰感染了普通民众。
• The devout man prayed daily.那位虔诚的男士每天都祈祷。

15 kindle   

v.点燃，着火

参考例句：

• This wood is too wet to kindle.这木柴太湿点不着。
• A small spark was enough to kindle Lily's imagination.一星光花足以点燃莉丽的全部想象力。

16 renaissance   

n.复活，复兴，文艺复兴

参考例句：

• The Renaissance was an epoch of unparalleled cultural achievement.文艺复兴是一个文化上取得空前成就的时代。
• The theme of the conference is renaissance Europe.大会的主题是文艺复兴时期的欧洲。

17 varied   

adj.多样的，多变化的

参考例句：

• The forms of art are many and varied.艺术的形式是多种多样的。
• The hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment.宾馆有各种晚间娱乐活动。

18 tolerance   

n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差

参考例句：

• Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
• Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。