2019年经济学人 一周要闻 英首相含泪辞职 欧洲议会选举波及多国 以色列重新大选

 

The world this week

本周要闻

politics

政治

At elections for the European Parliament, a predicted surge by populists and nationalists failed to materialise, though such parties gained seats in Italy and Britain. The new parliament will be much more fragmented than the old one, thanks to a strong showing by green and liberal parties. The traditional main groupings, the centre-right European People’s Party and the centre-left Socialists¹ and Democrats², both lost ground, falling well below a combined majority of the chamber³ for the first time.

在欧洲议会选举中，民粹主义者和民族主义者预计的人数激增未能实现，尽管这些政党在意大利和英国赢得了席位。由于绿党和自由党的强势表现，新议会将比旧议会更加分裂。传统的主要党派，中间偏右的欧洲人民党和中间偏左的社会主义和民主党双双败下阵来，这是首次远低于议会的多数席位总和。

Greece’s prime minister, Alexis Tsipras, said he would call a snap election after his left-wing Syriza party flopped⁴ in the Euro polls. In Austria, Sebastian Kurz lost a vote of confidence thanks to the break-up of his coalition⁵ with the hard-right fpo, so a fresh election will be held there, too. In a state election in Bremen, Germany’s Social Democrats lost for the first time in 70 years.

希腊总理亚历克西斯·齐普拉斯表示，在其领导的左翼激进联盟党在欧洲议会选举落败后，他将提前举行大选。在奥地利，塞巴斯蒂安·库尔兹由于与极右翼的自由人民党(fpo)的联盟破裂而失去了信任投票，因此，奥地利也将举行新的选举。在不来梅港市举行的州选举中，德国社会民主党70年来首次失利。

Romania’s ruling party did terribly in the European elections. The next day its leader, Liviu Dragnea, was jailed for corruption⁶.

罗马尼亚执政党在欧洲选举中表现糟糕。次日，该党领导人利维乌·德拉格内亚（Liviu Dragnea）因腐败入狱。

Theresa May said she would resign as Britain’s prime minister, after repeatedly failing to deliver Brexit. The 12-week-old Brexit Party won the most votes of any party at the European elections in Britain. The anti-Brexit Liberal Democrats and Greens won more votes than the Brexit Party but fewer seats. The traditional parties of government, the Conservatives and Labour, did miserably⁷.

特蕾莎·梅表示，她将辞去英国首相一职，此前她多番努力却未能实现英国脱欧。在英国举行的欧洲选举中，成立仅12周的脱欧党赢得了最多选票。反脱欧的自由民主党和绿党虽然选票多于英国脱欧党，但获得的席位更少。传统的执政党保守党和工党双双惨败。

Britain’s Labour Party expelled Alastair Campbell, a former adviser⁸ to Tony Blair, for backing the Liberal Democrats in the European elections. Party members who make anti-Semitic comments have seldom been dumped so swiftly. Several other prominent Labourites also backed other parties, mostly over Brexit.

英国工党开除了托尼·布莱尔的前顾问阿拉斯泰尔·坎贝尔，原因是他在欧洲选举中支持自由民主党。发表反犹太言论的党内成员很少会被如此迅速地抛弃。其他几位知名工党人士也纷纷倒戈其他政党，主要是在英国脱欧问题方面。

Brazil’s supreme⁹ court ruled that discriminating¹⁰ against gay or transgender people is equivalent to discriminating on grounds of race. Homophobic and transphobic acts are to be punished under existing laws banning racial discrimination until Congress passes a bill. Brazil legalised same-sex marriage in 2013, but at least 420 gay people are thought to have been murdered last year.

巴西最高法院裁定，歧视同性恋或跨性别者等同于种族歧视。在国会通过一项法案前，根据禁止种族歧视的现行法律，恐同行为和恐跨性别行为将受到惩罚。巴西于2013年将同性婚姻合法化，但去年至少有420名同性恋者被谋杀。

Mexico charged Emilio Lozoya Austin, a former head of Pemex, the state-run oil company, with fraud. It is the first big case brought by the government of Andrés Manuel López Obrador, whose campaign last year promised to crack down on corruption.

墨西哥政府指控墨西哥国家石油公司前总裁埃米利奥·洛佐亚·奥斯汀欺诈。这是安德烈斯·曼努埃尔·洛佩兹·奥夫拉多尔领导的政府提起的第一起重大案件。奥夫拉多尔在去年的竞选中承诺会打击腐败。

All of the top leaders of Amnesty International, a human-rights group, offered to resign after an internal review uncovered a “toxic” workplace culture, including reports of bullying¹¹.

人权组织大赦国际的所有高层领导人纷纷提出辞职，原因是一项内部审查发现了一种“有毒”的职场文化，包括报道中有关欺凌的现象。

Back to the polls!

重新投票!

The Israeli Knesset voted to hold a fresh election in September, five months after a poll in April, as talks led by Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu, to put together a new coalition government failed. The sticking point was an attempt to end the exemption¹² from the military draft for ultra-Orthodox Jews, which their parties refused to countenance¹³. Mr Netanyahu pushed for a new election rather than let another party try to form a government. It is the first time in Israel that a governing majority has not been formed after an election.

以色列议会投票决定将在9月举行新的选举，今年4月，以色列总理本雅明内塔尼亚胡领导的组建新联合政府的谈判以失败告终。问题症结在于其试图结束对极端正统派犹太人的兵役豁免，而他们的政党拒绝支持这一豁免。内塔尼亚胡推动举行新的选举，而不是让另一个政党试图组建政府。这是以色列首次在选举后没有形成执政的多数派。

1 socialists   

社会主义者( socialist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The socialists saw themselves as true heirs of the Enlightenment. 社会主义者认为自己是启蒙运动的真正继承者。
• The Socialists junked dogma when they came to office in 1982. 社会党人1982年上台执政后，就把其政治信条弃之不顾。

2 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 chamber   

n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所

参考例句：

• For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说，牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
• The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。

4 flopped   

v.（指书、戏剧等）彻底失败( flop的过去式和过去分词 )；（因疲惫而）猛然坐下；（笨拙地、不由自主地或松弛地）移动或落下；砸锅

参考例句：

• Exhausted, he flopped down into a chair. 他筋疲力尽，一屁股坐到椅子上。
• It was a surprise to us when his play flopped. 他那出戏一败涂地，出乎我们的预料。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

6 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

7 miserably   

adv.痛苦地；悲惨地；糟糕地；极度地

参考例句：

• The little girl was wailing miserably. 那小女孩难过得号啕大哭。
• It was drizzling, and miserably cold and damp. 外面下着毛毛细雨，天气又冷又湿，令人难受。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

9 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

10 discriminating   

a.有辨别能力的

参考例句：

• Due caution should be exercised in discriminating between the two. 在区别这两者时应该相当谨慎。
• Many businesses are accused of discriminating against women. 许多企业被控有歧视妇女的做法。

11 bullying   

v.恐吓，威逼( bully的现在分词 )；豪；跋扈

参考例句：

• Many cases of bullying go unreported . 很多恐吓案件都没有人告发。
• All cases of bullying will be severely dealt with. 所有以大欺小的情况都将受到严肃处理。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 exemption   

n.豁免，免税额，免除

参考例句：

• You may be able to apply for exemption from local taxes.你可能符合资格申请免除地方税。
• These goods are subject to exemption from tax.这些货物可以免税。

13 countenance   

n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同

参考例句：

• At the sight of this photograph he changed his countenance.他一看见这张照片脸色就变了。
• I made a fierce countenance as if I would eat him alive.我脸色恶狠狠地，仿佛要把他活生生地吞下去。