2019年经济学人 利比亚--四分五裂(1)

 

Leaders

来源于《社论》版块

Libya

利比亚

A country apart

四分五裂的国家

How to put Libya together

如何把利比亚团结起来

“If the sun lost its gravity, its gases would explode and its unity¹ would no longer exist. Accordingly, unity is the basis for survival. Muammar Qaddafi’s “Green Book”, his rambling² political manifesto³, is full of pabulum. But the former Libyan dictator was right about the importance of unity, something his country has sorely lacked since he was killed in a revolution in 2011.

“如果太阳失去引力，气体就会爆炸，统一性就不复存在。”因此，团结是生存的基础。穆阿迈尔?卡扎菲杂乱无章的政治宣言《绿皮书》是满满的精神食粮。但这位利比亚前独裁者对团结的重要性的看法是正确的，自2011年他在一场革命中丧生以来，利比亚一直严重缺乏团结。

Libya has been mired⁴ in conflict ever since, creating a jihadist playground and a jumping-off point for migrants desperate to reach Europe. The latest fighting pits the "government of national accord" (GNA) in Tripoli against the self-styled Libyan National Army (LNA), under Khalifa Haftar, which rules by fear in the east and south. The UN was trying to bring them together when he at-tacked Tripoli in April—while the secretary-general was in town.

自那以后，利比亚就陷入了冲突的泥潭，为渴望进入欧洲的移民创造了一个圣战分子的乐园和出发点。在最近的战斗中，的黎波里的“民族团结政府”与哈里发?哈夫塔领导下的自封的利比亚国民军展开对抗。当联合国秘书长还在的黎波里时，他于4月袭击了的黎波里，当时联合国正试图将他们团结起来。

Peace is a distant prospect⁵. But the West has an interest and a responsibility to help repair Libya. NATO members led by Britain and France supported the revolution with air strikes—then watched as the country sank into chaos⁶. Barack Obama says that failing to plan for the day after Qaddafi was the "biggest mistake" of his presidency⁷. America and Europe can start to fix that omission⁸ by putting their weight behind a UN-led peace process.

和平是一个遥远的前景。但西方有兴趣也有责任帮助修复利比亚。以英国和法国为首的北约成员国以空袭支持革命，然后眼睁睁地看着这个国家陷入混乱。巴拉克?奥巴马表示，未能为卡扎菲下台后的第二天做好计划是他总统任期内的“最大错误”。美国和欧洲可以通过支持联合国主导的和平进程来弥补这一遗漏。

Mr Haftar believes that Libya can be stabilised only by a strongman (himself, naturally). Some foreign powers seem to agree. Egypt, France, Russia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have supported him. America has flirted⁹ with him. But their calculus¹⁰ is flawed. Mr Haftar needed three years just to take Benghazi, the country’s second city, which he flattened¹¹ in the attempt. In April the LNA said that it would take days to capture Tripoli, but today it is still fighting—and losing ground. The militias¹² of Misrata, who are stronger foes¹³, lie in wait for him. Far from stabilising Libya, Mr Haftar is sowing more chaos.

哈夫塔认为，利比亚的稳定只能靠一个铁腕人物(当然是他自己)。一些外国势力似乎也同意这一观点。法国、俄罗斯和阿联酋都支持他。美国已经向他示好。但他们的打算是有缺陷的。哈夫塔花了三年时间才拿下班加西，班加西是利比亚第二大城市，在他的努力下，班加西被夷为平地。四月，利比亚国家通讯社曾表示，夺取的黎波里需要几天的时间，但今天，它仍在战斗，并在节节败退。米苏拉塔的民兵是更强大的敌人，他们埋伏在那里等待他。哈夫塔非但没有稳定利比亚局势，反而在制造更多的混乱。

1 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

2 rambling   

adj.[建]凌乱的，杂乱的

参考例句：

• We spent the summer rambling in Ireland. 我们花了一个夏天漫游爱尔兰。
• It was easy to get lost in the rambling house. 在布局凌乱的大房子里容易迷路。

3 manifesto   

n.宣言，声明

参考例句：

• I was involved in the preparation of Labour's manifesto.我参与了工党宣言的起草工作。
• His manifesto promised measures to protect them.他在宣言里保证要为他们采取保护措施。

4 mired   

abbr.microreciprocal degree 迈尔德（色温单位）v.深陷( mire的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The country was mired in recession. 这个国家陷入了经济衰退的困境。
• The most brilliant leadership can be mired in detail. 最有才干的领导也会陷于拘泥琐事的困境中。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

5 prospect   

n.前景，前途；景色，视野

参考例句：

• This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
• The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。

6 chaos   

n.混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.停电后，城市一片混乱。
• The typhoon left chaos behind it.台风后一片混乱。

7 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

8 omission   

n.省略，删节；遗漏或省略的事物，冗长

参考例句：

• The omission of the girls was unfair.把女孩排除在外是不公平的。
• The omission of this chapter from the third edition was a gross oversight.第三版漏印这一章是个大疏忽。

9 flirted   

v.调情，打情骂俏( flirt的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She flirted her fan. 她急速挥动着扇子。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• During his four months in Egypt he flirted with religious emotions. 在埃及逗留的这四个月期间，他又玩弄起宗教情绪来了。 来自辞典例句

10 calculus   

n.微积分；结石

参考例句：

• This is a problem where calculus won't help at all.对于这一题，微积分一点也用不上。
• After studying differential calculus you will be able to solve these mathematical problems.学了微积分之后，你们就能够解这些数学题了。

11 flattened   

[医]（水）平扁的，弄平的

参考例句：

• She flattened her nose and lips against the window. 她把鼻子和嘴唇紧贴着窗户。
• I flattened myself against the wall to let them pass. 我身体紧靠着墙让他们通过。

12 militias   

n.民兵组织，民兵( militia的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The troops will not attempt to disarm the warring militias. 部队并不打算解除战斗中的民兵武装。 来自辞典例句
• The neighborhood was a battleground for Shiite and Sunni militias. 那里曾是什叶派和逊尼派武装分子的战场。 来自互联网

13 foes   

敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They steadily pushed their foes before them. 他们不停地追击敌人。
• She had fought many battles, vanquished many foes. 她身经百战，挫败过很多对手。