2019年经济学人 一周要闻 中美贸易谈判重启 阿根廷实施资本管制 印度精简国有银行

 

The Argentine government introduced emergency capital controls, restricting the amount of dollars that people and firms can buy. The measures are meant to stop money gushing¹ out of the country amid a run on the peso, which has tumbled as investors² fret³ that October’s presidential election will be won by a ticket that includes Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, a former president whose spendthrift policies ruined the economy.

阿根廷政府实施了紧急资本管制，限制了个人和公司的美元购买量。这些措施旨在阻止资金在比索贬值带来的资金外流。由于投资者担心10月份的总统大选将由包括前总统克里斯蒂娜·费尔南德斯·德基什内尔在内的候选人赢得，比索应声大幅下挫。克里斯蒂娜·费尔南德斯·德基什内尔的挥霍政策摧毁了阿根廷经济。

India’s economy grew by 5% in the second quarter compared with the same three months last year, the country’s slowest growth rate in six years and well below market forecasts. Separate figures showed that domestic car sales slumped⁴ in August (by 49% for Tata Motors compared with August 2018) and that manufacturing activity was cooling rapidly. More government stimulus⁵ is now on the cards.

印度经济第二季度同比增长5%，为该国六年来最低增速，远低于市场预期。另一项数据显示，8月份印度国内汽车销量大幅下滑(与2018年8月相比，塔塔汽车下滑49%)，制造业活动正在迅速降温。更多的政府刺激计划如今正在酝酿之中。

The Indian government also announced plans to streamline⁶ the country’s state-controlled banks, which hold lots of bad debt, cramping⁷ their ability to lend, and proposed that ten state banks be merged⁸ into four new ones. Markets gave the idea a cool reception.

印度政府还宣布了精简国有银行的计划，并提议将10家国有银行合并为4家新银行。国有银行持有大量坏账，政府也限制了它们的放贷能力。市场方面对这一举措的反应冷淡。

Australia’s GDP grew by 1.4% in the second quarter, the slowest pace since the financial crisis. Exports are booming, but consumers in the Lucky Country are reining⁹ in their spending.

澳大利亚第二季度GDP增长1.4%，为金融危机以来的最低增速。出口业正在蓬勃发展，不过这个幸运的国家的消费者们正在控制支出。

Turkey’s annual inflation rate fell to 15% in August, the lowest it has been for 15 months. Inflation soared to 25% at the end of last year amid a currency crisis. Today’s more stable lira and decreasing price pressures have boosted expectations that the central bank will again slash¹⁰ interest rates when it meets on September 12th, though probably by not as much as the 4.25-percentage-point cut to rates in July.

土耳其8月份的年通胀率降至15%，为15个月来的最低水平。去年年底，由于货币危机，通货膨胀率飙升至25%。如今更加稳定的里拉以及不断下降的物价压力提高了人们的预期，即央行将在9月12日开会时再次降息，尽管降息幅度可能不及7月份4.25%的幅度。

America and China agreed to resume high-level talks in early October to try to resolve their trade dispute. Negotiators last met in July and there is little hope that a breakthrough will come soon. There was evidence this week that the dispute is having an effect on manufacturing. Factory output in America surprisingly contracted in August for the first time in three years. In Britain manufacturing activity fell to a seven-year low. And in Germany a purchasing-managers’ index suggested that manufacturing had shrunk for an eighth consecutive¹¹ month. Figures in China showed manufacturing contracting for the fourth month in a row.

中国和美国同意在10月初恢复高层会谈，试图解决两国的贸易争端。谈判代表上次会面是在7月份，当时谈判取得突破的希望渺茫。本周有证据表明，这场争端正对制造业产生影响。令人惊讶的是，美国8月份的工厂产量出现了三年来的首次萎缩。英国制造业活动跌至7年来的最低点。德国采购经理人指数显示，制造业已经连续第八个月萎缩。中方数据显示，制造业连续第四个月出现收缩。

1 gushing   

adj.迸出的；涌出的；喷出的；过分热情的v.喷，涌( gush的现在分词 )；滔滔不绝地说话

参考例句：

• blood gushing from a wound 从伤口冒出的血
• The young mother was gushing over a baby. 那位年轻的母亲正喋喋不休地和婴儿说话。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

3 fret   

v.(使)烦恼；(使)焦急；(使)腐蚀，(使)磨损

参考例句：

• Don't fret.We'll get there on time.别着急，我们能准时到那里。
• She'll fret herself to death one of these days.她总有一天会愁死的.

4 slumped   

大幅度下降，暴跌( slump的过去式和过去分词 )； 沉重或突然地落下[倒下]

参考例句：

• Sales have slumped this year. 今年销售量锐减。
• The driver was slumped exhausted over the wheel. 司机伏在方向盘上，疲惫得睡着了。

5 stimulus   

n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物

参考例句：

• Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts.把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。
• Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.光是促进植物生长的一个因素。

6 streamline   

vt.使成流线型；使简化；使现代化

参考例句：

• We must streamline our methods.我们必须简化方法。
• Any liquid or gas passing it will have streamline flow.任何通过它的液体或气体将呈流线型的流动。

7 cramping   

图像压缩

参考例句：

• The bleeding may keep my left hand from cramping. 淌血会叫我的左手不抽筋。
• This loss of sodium can cause dehydration and cramping. 钠流失会造成脱水和抽筋。

8 merged   

（使）混合( merge的过去式和过去分词 )； 相融； 融入； 渐渐消失在某物中

参考例句：

• Turf wars are inevitable when two departments are merged. 两个部门合并时总免不了争争权限。
• The small shops were merged into a large market. 那些小商店合并成为一个大商场。

9 reining   

勒缰绳使（马）停步( rein的现在分词 )； 驾驭； 严格控制； 加强管理

参考例句：

• "That's a fine bevy, Ma'm,'said Gerald gallantly, reining his horse alongside the carriage. "太太！好一窝漂亮的云雀呀！" 杰拉尔德殷勤地说，一面让自己的马告近塔尔顿的马车。
• I was a temperamental genius in need of reining in by stabler personalities. 我是个需要由更稳重的人降服住的神经质的天才。

10 slash   

vi.大幅度削减；vt.猛砍，尖锐抨击，大幅减少；n.猛砍，斜线，长切口，衣衩

参考例句：

• The shop plans to slash fur prices after Spring Festival.该店计划在春节之后把皮货降价。
• Don't slash your horse in that cruel way.不要那样残忍地鞭打你的马。

11 consecutive   

adj.连续的，联贯的，始终一贯的

参考例句：

• It has rained for four consecutive days.已连续下了四天雨。
• The policy of our Party is consecutive.我党的政策始终如一。