2019年经济学人 一周要闻 巴基斯坦火车爆炸 泰王妃因不忠被废 IS头目身亡

 

The world this week

本周要闻

Politics

政治

Alberto Fernández, a Peronist, won Argentina’s presidential election, defeating the pro-business incumbent¹, Mauricio Macri. Voters blamed Mr Macri for a recession, an inflation rate of more than 50% and a poverty rate that tops 35%. The newly elected vice-president, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, laid the groundwork for these economic problems when she was president from 2007 to 2015.

庇隆主义者阿尔贝托·费尔南德斯(Alberto Fernandez)赢得阿根廷总统大选，击败亲商的现任总统毛里西奥·马克里(Mauricio Macri)。选民将经济衰退、超过50%的通胀率和超过35%的贫困率归咎于马克里。新当选的副总统克里斯蒂娜·费尔南德斯·德基什内尔在2007年至2015年担任总统期间，为这些经济问题埋下了隐患。

Bolivia’s electoral authority declared that President Evo Morales won re-election, avoiding a run-off by just 0.57% of votes cast. At least two people died and dozens were injured in clashes between his supporters and those of opposition² candidate Carlos Mesa, who has accused the government of rigging the vote.

玻利维亚选举委员会宣布总统埃沃·莫拉莱斯（Evo Morales）赢得连任，仅以0.57%的选票优势避免了决胜选举。在他的支持者和反对派候选人卡洛斯·梅萨(Carlos Mesa)支持者爆发的冲突中，至少有两人死亡，数十人受伤。卡洛斯·梅萨指责政府操纵了选举。

Chile’s president, Sebastián Pinera, reshuffled his cabinet and agreed to spend extra money on pensions and health care and to raise taxes on high earners, after 1.2m people demonstrated in Santiago, the country’s capital, against inequality and threadbare public services. At least 20 people died in rioting and arson³ attacks. Chile cancelled plans to host a summit of Asian and Pacific leaders in November and a UN climate meeting in December.

智利总统皮涅拉改组了内阁，同意在养老金和医疗保健方面增加支出，并提高对高收入者的税收，起因是120万人在智利首都圣地亚哥举行示威，反对不平等和陈旧的公共服务。至少有20人在暴乱和纵火袭击中丧生。智利取消了11月举办的亚太领导人峰会和12月将举行的联合国气候变化会议的计划。

Claudia López, a crusader against corruption⁴, was elected mayor of Bogotá, Colombia’s capital. Ms López is the first woman and first gay person to be elected to the job. The regional elections were a setback⁵ for the Democratic Centre party of the president, Iván Duque, who lost control of strongholds like Medellín.

反腐败改革者克劳迪娅·洛佩兹当选哥伦比亚首都波哥大市长。洛佩兹是第一位女性也是第一位同性恋者市长。这场地方选举对民主中心党总统伊凡·杜克来说是个挫折，他失去了对麦德林等据点的控制。

A land divided

边界划分

A constitutional amendment⁶ that strips Jammu & Kashmir of statehood and divides it into two territories administered directly by India’s national government came into effect. Life in the Kashmir valley has been severely⁷ disrupted since the government announced the change in August, because of restrictions⁸ on communications and travel, as well as protests and militant⁹ violence.

一项剥夺查谟和克什米尔邦的特殊地位，并将其划分为由印度国家政府直接管辖的两个领土的宪法修正案生效。自从8月份政府宣布这一改变以来，由于通讯和出行受限，以及抗议和武装暴力频发，克什米尔谷地的生活受到严重破坏。

A court in Myanmar sentenced five members of a satirical troupe¹⁰ to a year’s hard labour for mocking the army’s role in politics.

缅甸一个讽刺戏剧团体的五名成员被一家法院判处一年劳教，罪名是他们嘲笑军队在政治中的角色。

King Maha Vajiralongkorn of Thailand dismissed two aides for adultery, a week after he stripped his official mistress of her titles for disloyalty.

泰国国王玛哈·哇集拉隆功以通奸为由解雇了两名助手，一周前，他以不忠为由剥夺了泰国王妃的头衔。

Scores of people died when a gas stove being used by passengers to cook breakfast aboard a train in Pakistan exploded. It was the country’s worst rail disaster in a decade.

巴基斯坦一列火车上，乘客用来做早餐的煤气炉发生爆炸，造成数十人死亡。这是该国十年来最严重的铁路事故。

The pious¹¹ rapist in charge of Islamic State, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, killed himself to avoid capture by American soldiers. The jihadist group once controlled territory the size of Britain, but lost its last scrap¹² of land earlier this year. Mr Baghdadi was found in north-west Syria, where he was chased down a tunnel. He detonated a suicide-vest, murdering two of his own children. Donald Trump¹³ said: “He died like a dog.”

负责”伊斯兰国“组织的阿布·巴克尔·巴格达迪为躲避美军追捕而自杀。这个圣战组织一度控制着相当于英国大小的领土，但今年早些时候失去了最后一片据点。巴格达迪的尸体是在叙利亚西北部被发现的，当时他被围追进一条隧道内。他引爆了一件自杀式炸弹背心，炸死了自己的两个孩子。特朗普说:“他死得像条丧家之犬。”

1 incumbent   

adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的

参考例句：

• He defeated the incumbent governor by a large plurality.他以压倒多数票击败了现任州长。
• It is incumbent upon you to warn them.你有责任警告他们。

2 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

3 arson   

n.纵火，放火

参考例句：

• He was serving a ten spot for arson.他因纵火罪在服十年徒刑。
• He was arraigned on a charge of arson.他因被指控犯纵火罪而被传讯。

4 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

5 setback   

n.退步，挫折，挫败

参考例句：

• Since that time there has never been any setback in his career.从那时起他在事业上一直没有遇到周折。
• She views every minor setback as a disaster.她把每个较小的挫折都看成重大灾难。

6 amendment   

n.改正，修正，改善，修正案

参考例句：

• The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
• The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。

7 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

8 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

9 militant   

adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals.一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。
• He is a militant in the movement.他在那次运动中是个激进人物。

10 troupe   

n.剧团，戏班；杂技团；马戏团

参考例句：

• The art troupe is always on the move in frontier guards.文工团常年在边防部队流动。
• The troupe produced a new play last night.剧团昨晚上演了一部新剧。

11 pious   

adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的

参考例句：

• Alexander is a pious follower of the faith.亚历山大是个虔诚的信徒。
• Her mother was a pious Christian.她母亲是一个虔诚的基督教徒。

12 scrap   

n.碎片；废料；v.废弃，报废

参考例句：

• A man comes round regularly collecting scrap.有个男人定时来收废品。
• Sell that car for scrap.把那辆汽车当残品卖了吧。

13 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。