美国国家公共电台 NPR 埃塞俄比亚内战升级 局势动荡未来堪忧

Ethiopia has been gripped by civil war for almost five months now, and while access to the conflict zone has been severely¹ limited, the information that is coming out points to an increasingly desperate situation. NPR's Eyder Peralta reports. And just a note — listeners may find some details disturbing.

埃塞俄比亚已被内战困扰了将近五个月的时间，虽然进入冲突区的机会极其有限，但所公布的信息表明，该国局势日益严峻。NPR新闻的爱德尔·佩拉尔塔将带来详细报道。我们要提醒一下听众朋友，新闻中可能有些细节令人不安。

EYDER PERALTA, BYLINE²: Over the past few weeks, activists³ have filled messaging platforms with dozens of videos they say show barbaric attacks in northern Ethiopia. One video shows mothers crying over the bodies of their dead sons; another appears to show a rebel fighter being shot point-blank by a man in military uniform.

爱德尔·佩拉尔塔连线：过去几周，活动人士在消息平台上发布了数十段视频，他们称这些视频显示埃塞俄比亚北部发生了野蛮袭击。一段视频显示，多名母亲为她们死去儿子的尸体旁哭泣；另一段视频显示，一名反对派战士被一名身穿军装的男子近距离枪杀。

(SOUNDBITE OF GUNFIRE)

（枪声）

PERALTA: Yet another video shows troops speaking Amharic and interrogating⁴ about a dozen men dressed in civilian⁵ clothes. Why were you hiding in the forest, the troops ask.

还有一则视频显示，士兵用阿姆哈利克语询问十几名身穿便衣的男子。士兵问的是，你们为什么躲在森林里。

(SOUNDBITE OF VIDEO)

（视频录音）

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: (Speaking Amharic).

身份不明的人1：（用阿姆哈拉语讲话）。

PERALTA: Then the soldiers march the men to the edge of a ravine and open fire. The men in military uniforms fling the dead bodies into the ravine with glee.

佩拉尔塔：然后士兵们把士兵们带到峡谷边，开火。穿军装的人高兴地把尸体扔到峡谷里。

(SOUNDBITE OF VIDEO)

（视频录音）

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: (Speaking Amharic).

身份不明的人2：（用阿姆哈拉语讲话）。

PERALTA: It's hard to verify the authenticity⁶ of all these videos. However, Western governments and rights groups have all raised alarm at the shocking violence that's unfolded since the Ethiopian government and the rebel TPLF group began fighting in November. There's no reliable death toll⁷, but thousands have been killed in a conflict that has pulled in neighboring Eritrea and Sudan and revived old animosities within Ethiopia. Human rights groups have released reports detailing mass killings⁸ that they say likely amount to war crimes, and the U.S. government says they have seen acts of ethnic⁹ cleansing¹⁰ in western Tigray. Oliver Behn of Doctors Without Borders just returned from a trip to the conflict zone where he and his team visited more than 100 health facilities.

佩拉尔塔：很难核实所有视频的真实性。然而，西方政府和人权组织都对埃塞俄比亚政府和反对派组织提格雷人民解放阵线（简称TPLF）自11月开始战斗以来发生的令人震惊的暴力事件发出了警告。目前没有可靠的死亡人数，但数千人在牵涉邻国厄立特里亚和苏丹的冲突中丧生，这在埃塞俄比亚境内重新激起了旧的仇恨。人权组织发布的报告对大规模屠杀进行了详细说明，他们称这可能构成战争罪，美国政府表示，他们在西底格里看到了种族清洗行为。无国界医生组织的奥利弗·贝恩刚刚离开冲突区，他和他的团队走访了100多个医疗设施。

OLIVER BEHN: The looting and vandalization was really done, what I would call, with with a rage almost.

奥利弗·贝恩：抢劫和破坏行为的确存在，我会称那几乎可以说是暴力行为。

PERALTA: Behn says fighters do tend to raid health facilities during conflict, but this was different. Behn says, instead of stealing the equipment or using it to treat their fighters, most clinics in Tigray were just destroyed.

佩拉尔塔：贝恩表示，战斗人员在冲突期间确实倾向于袭击医疗设施，但这次情况有所不同。贝恩说，他们摧毁了提格雷地区的大多数诊所，并没有偷走设备或用设备治疗他们的战士。

BEHN: Laboratory equipment has been just smashed on the ground. Ultrasound machines have been destroyed, furniture just being broken. That looks like somebody tried to make them unusable.

贝恩：实验室设备被摔在地上。超声波设备被摧毁，其他设备被打烂。似乎有人试图让这些设备无法使用。

PERALTA: Behn says they also saw troops occupying clinics. They saw ambulances being used to ferry goods and soldiers. It is a clear violation¹¹, he says, of international humanitarian¹² law.

佩拉尔塔：贝恩说他们还看到军队占领了诊所。救护车被用来运送货物和士兵。他表示，这明显违反了国际人道主义法。

BEHN: The misuse¹³ of those health facilities as military bases has to stop.

贝恩：军事基地滥用这些卫生设施的行为必须停止。

PERALTA: In a call with journalists, the Ethiopian ambassador to Kenya said the Doctors Without Borders version of events was, quote, "unfounded." The Tigrayan rebels and activists say the Ethiopian government's goal is to annihilate¹⁴ the Tigrayan people. The Ethiopian government rejects these accusations¹⁵. In an earlier interview with NPR, Fitsum Arega, the Ethiopian ambassador to the United States, said his government was still investigating alleged¹⁶ atrocities¹⁷ in the country's Tigray region. He says Ethiopian troops were massacred by the rebel TPLF at the start of this conflict. And for a few weeks, the government didn't know what was going on in Tigray.

佩拉尔塔：埃塞俄比亚驻肯尼亚大使在接受记者的电话采访时表示，无国界医生组织对事件的描述“毫无根据”。提格雷反对派和活动人士表示，埃塞俄比亚政府的目标是消灭提格雷人。埃塞俄比亚政府驳了这些指控。埃塞俄比亚驻美国大使菲特苏姆·阿雷加在早些时候接受NPR采访时表示，埃塞俄比亚政府仍在调查据称在该国提格雷地区发生的暴行。他说，埃塞俄比亚军队在冲突开始阶段遭遇反对派的屠杀。数周以来，政府不清楚提格雷地区发生了什么。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED NPR BROADCAST)

（NPR广播录音档案）

FITSUM AREGA: So it's not about denying. I mean, our forces were killed this month, and there was nobody to witness or guard.

菲特苏姆·阿雷加：这并不是否认。我们的士兵本月被杀害了，没有人可以作证也没有人警戒。

PERALTA: His government, he says, will investigate. But as he said that, the violence continued and activists continued to put out videos of alleged atrocities. One of them showed gunmen opening fire on a community meeting.

佩拉尔塔：他表示，他的政府将进行调查。但正如他所说，暴力事件仍在持续，活动人士则继续发布所谓的暴行视频。其中一则视频显示，枪手在社区会议上开枪。

Eyder Peralta, NPR News, Nairobi.

NPR新闻，爱德尔·佩拉尔塔内罗毕报道。

1 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

2 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

3 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 interrogating   

n.询问技术v.询问( interrogate的现在分词 )；审问；（在计算机或其他机器上）查询

参考例句：

• She was no longer interrogating but lecturing. 她已经不是在审问而是在教训人了。 来自辞典例句
• His face remained blank, interrogating, slightly helpless. 他的面部仍然没有表情，只带有询问的意思，还有点无可奈何。 来自辞典例句

5 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

6 authenticity   

n.真实性

参考例句：

• There has been some debate over the authenticity of his will. 对于他的遗嘱的真实性一直有争论。
• The museum is seeking an expert opinion on the authenticity of the painting. 博物馆在请专家鉴定那幅画的真伪。

7 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

8 killings   

谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发

参考例句：

• His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。

9 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

10 cleansing   

n. 净化(垃圾) adj. 清洁用的 动词cleanse的现在分词

参考例句：

• medicated cleansing pads for sensitive skin 敏感皮肤药物清洗棉
• Soap is not the only cleansing agent. 肥皂并不是唯一的清洁剂。

11 violation   

n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯

参考例句：

• He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说，那是违反规则的。
• He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。

12 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

13 misuse   

n.误用，滥用；vt.误用，滥用

参考例句：

• It disturbs me profoundly that you so misuse your talents.你如此滥用自己的才能，使我深感不安。
• He was sacked for computer misuse.他因滥用计算机而被解雇了。

14 annihilate   

v.使无效；毁灭；取消

参考例句：

• Archer crumpled up the yellow sheet as if the gesture could annihilate the news it contained.阿切尔把这张黄纸揉皱，好象用这个动作就会抹掉里面的消息似的。
• We should bear in mind that we have to annihilate the enemy.我们要把歼敌的重任时刻记在心上。

15 accusations   

n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名

参考例句：

• There were accusations of plagiarism. 曾有过关于剽窃的指控。
• He remained unruffled by their accusations. 对于他们的指控他处之泰然。

16 alleged   

a.被指控的，嫌疑的

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为

17 atrocities   

n.邪恶，暴行( atrocity的名词复数 )；滔天大罪

参考例句：

• They were guilty of the most barbarous and inhuman atrocities. 他们犯有最野蛮、最灭绝人性的残暴罪行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The enemy's atrocities made one boil with anger. 敌人的暴行令人发指。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》