2021年经济学人 我是男还是女,这是个问题(2)

There is also evidence that the drugs may cause serious harm. One example is described by Michael Biggs of Oxford¹ University in a letter published on April 26th in the Journal of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism². Bone-mineral density³ (BMD) usually rises sharply in puberty. But of 24 GIDS patients who had been prescribed puberty blockers, a third had BMD scores in the bottom 2% of their age groups (more that two standard deviations⁴ below the mean).

也有证据表明，这些药物可能会造成严重的伤害。牛津大学的迈克尔·比格斯在4月26日发表在儿科内分泌和代谢杂志上的一封信中描述了一个例子。骨密度(BMD)通常在青春期急剧上升。但是在24名服用了青春期阻滞药的GIDS患者中，有三分之一的骨密度评分在其年龄组的最后2%(比平均值低两个标准差以上)。

One patient, who began puberty blockers aged⁵ 12, suffered four fractures by the age of 16. That medical history, says Dr Biggs, would usually be enough to diagnose osteoporosis—normally a disease of the elderly. Animal studies suggest puberty blockers may cause cognitive⁶ damage, too. Cross-sex hormones⁷ have been linked to heart disease, strokes and sterility⁸.

一名患者在12岁时开始服用青春期阻断剂，16岁时发生了四次骨折。比格斯博士说，这种病史通常足以诊断为骨质疏松症——老年人中常见的一种疾病。动物研究表明，青春期阻断剂也可能会导致认知损伤。跨性别激素与心脏病、中风和不育有关。

The combination of rising prescriptions⁹ and flimsy evidence leads some doctors to fear a medical scandal is brewing¹⁰. Others think that the only scandal would be to change course. A bill before Canada's parliament, for instance, would leave affirmation as the only legal treatment for gender¹¹ dysphoria. The argument continues.

越来越多的处方和越来越多的证据使一些医生担心一场医疗丑闻正在酝酿之中。其他人则认为唯一的丑闻就是改弦更张。例如，一项提交给加拿大议会的法案将把“肯定疗法”作为唯一合法的针对性别焦虑的治疗方法。争论仍在继续。

1 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

2 metabolism   

n.新陈代谢

参考例句：

• After years of dieting,Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack.经过数年的节食，卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
• All living matter undergoes a process of metabolism.生物都有新陈代谢。

3 density   

n.密集，密度，浓度

参考例句：

• The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。
• The region has a very high population density.该地区的人口密度很高。

4 deviations   

背离，偏离( deviation的名词复数 )； 离经叛道的行为

参考例句：

• Local deviations depend strongly on the local geometry of the solid matrix. 局部偏离严格地依赖于固体矩阵的局部几何形状。
• They were a series of tactical day-to-day deviations from White House policy. 它们是一系列策略上一天天摆脱白宫政策的偏向。

5 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

6 cognitive   

adj.认知的，认识的，有感知的

参考例句：

• As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大，他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
• The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。

7 hormones   

n. 荷尔蒙，激素 名词hormone的复数形式

参考例句：

• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
• The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。

8 sterility   

n.不生育，不结果，贫瘠，消毒，无菌

参考例句：

• A major barrier to interspecific hybridization is sterility in the F1 progeny.种间杂交的主要障碍是F1代的不育性。
• Sterility is some permanent factor preventing procreation.不育是阻碍生殖的一种永久性因素。

9 prescriptions   

药( prescription的名词复数 )； 处方； 开处方； 计划

参考例句：

• The hospital of traditional Chinese medicine installed a computer to fill prescriptions. 中医医院装上了电子计算机来抓药。
• Her main job was filling the doctor's prescriptions. 她的主要工作就是给大夫开的药方配药。

10 brewing   

n. 酿造, 一次酿造的量 动词brew的现在分词形式

参考例句：

• It was obvious that a big storm was brewing up. 很显然，一场暴风雨正在酝酿中。
• She set about brewing some herb tea. 她动手泡一些药茶。

11 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。