2021年经济学人 结束新冠的代价是什么?(1)

COVID-19

新冠病毒

The best public investment ever

有史以来最好的公共投资

What will it cost to end the pandemic?

结束新冠的代价是什么？

On may 2nd thousands of masked nurses, doctors and others who have battled against covid-19 watched Jennifer Lopez and other stars perform in the flesh at the "vax live" concert in Los Angeles. Outside the venue¹, visitors could get their jab from the comfort of their own vehicles, while watching H.E.R., a singer-songwriter, perform the song "Glory" in the car park, surrounded by schoolkids stomping² their feet. A live concert was possible only because many Americans (50% of adults) are now vaccinated⁴. But a charity event of this kind was necessary only because most of the world is not.

5月2日，数千名戴着口罩的护士、医生和其他抗击新冠的人员在洛杉矶观看了詹妮弗·洛佩兹和其他明星在“VAX直播”演唱会上的现场演出。会场外，游客们可以坐在自己的车里舒服地观看歌手兼词曲作家H.E.R.在停车场里演唱《荣耀》(Glory)，周围全是跺着脚的小学生。现场音乐会之所以能够举办，是因为许多美国人(50%的成年人)现在已经接种了疫苗。而这样的慈善活动之所以是必要的，只是因为它在世界上大多数地方都不是必要的。

What would it take to close the gap? In a paper published in April, Ruchir Agarwal of the IMF and Tristan Reed of the World Bank argued that it might be possible to end the "acute phase" of the pandemic early next year by vaccinating⁵ 60% of the population of every country. Will there be enough shots to go round In principle, yes. According to Airfinity, a life-sciences data firm, vaccine-makers could produce as many as 11.1bn doses this year, enough to inoculate⁶ more than 75% of the world's population aged⁷ over five. The manufacturers themselves say they will produce many more.

怎样才能缩小这一差距？在四月发表的一篇论文中，来自国际货币基金组织的鲁奇尔·阿加瓦尔和来自世界银行的特里斯坦·里德认为，通过给每个国家60%的人口接种疫苗，明年年初新冠大流行的“急性阶段”就有可能结束。疫苗够分发吗？原则上是够的。根据生命科学数据机构Airfinity的数据，疫苗制造商今年可以生产多达111亿剂疫苗，足以为全球75%以上的老年人口接种疫苗。制造商自己说他们会生产更多疫苗。

Some of this capacity is already spoken for. But rich countries have hogged⁸ less of it than many people fear. Mr Agarwal and Mr Reed calculate that rich countries have placed advance orders for about 2bn courses (many of which comprise two shots). At the same time, the developing world already has dibs on more vaccines⁹ than some people assume, thanks to deals struck by organisations like the African Union and COVAX, a vaccine-sharing initiative. Mr Agarwal and Mr Reed calculate that 91 developing countries (with a combined population of over 2.5bn people) need to order only another 350m courses between them to vaccinate³ 60% of their population. India faces a bigger shortfall. But it also has the dollars and domestic manufacturing capacity to reach the target eventually.

其中一些配额已经被指定了。但是，发达国家并没有像许多人担心的那样抢占资源。据阿加瓦尔和里德计算，发达国家已经预订了大约20亿剂疫苗(其中大多是两针剂)。与此同时，由于非洲联盟和COVAX(疫苗共享计划)等组织达成的协议，发展中国家已经拥有了比一些人想象中的更多的疫苗。阿加瓦尔和里德计算出91个发展中国家(人口总数超过25亿)只需再订购3.5亿种疫苗就可以为60%的人口接种疫苗。印度面临着更大的缺口，但中国也有足够的资金和国内制造能力来最终实现这一目标。

1 venue   

n.犯罪地点，审判地，管辖地，发生地点，集合地点

参考例句：

• The hall provided a venue for weddings and other functions.大厅给婚礼和其他社会活动提供了场所。
• The chosen venue caused great controversy among the people.人们就审判地点的问题产生了极大的争议。

2 stomping   

v.跺脚，践踏，重踏( stomp的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• He looked funny stomping round the dance floor. 他在舞池里跺着舞步，样子很可笑。 来自辞典例句
• Chelsea substitution Wright-Phillips for Robben. Wrighty back on his old stomping to a mixed reception. 77分–切尔西换人：赖特．菲利普斯入替罗本。小赖特在主场球迷混杂的欢迎下，重返他的老地方。 来自互联网

3 vaccinate   

vt.给…接种疫苗；种牛痘

参考例句：

• Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样，当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
• Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。

4 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

5 vaccinating   

给…接种疫苗( vaccinate的现在分词 )； 注射疫苗，接种疫苗

参考例句：

• At first blush, vaccinating the wolves against rabies seems a simple solution. 乍一看来，为狼群注射防狂犬病疫苗是一种简单的办法。
• Also vaccinating children against misers (measles) has saved many lives. 还有，给儿童进行疫苗接种防止麻疹也挽救了许多生命。

6 inoculate   

v.给...接种，给...注射疫苗

参考例句：

• A corps of doctors arrived to inoculate the recruits.一队医生来给新兵打防疫针。
• I was just meant to come out here and inoculate some wee babies.我是过来这边给小孩子们接种疫苗的。

7 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

8 hogged   

adj.（船）中拱的，（路）拱曲的

参考例句：

• The guy hogged the whole park bench. 那个人占着整张公园长椅。 来自辞典例句
• The cat hogged himself to attack a big dog. 那只猫拱起背向一条大狗发起了攻击。 来自互联网

9 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。