2021年经济学人 日本"妻随夫姓"符合宪法不可违背

The world this week

本周国际要闻

Politics

政治版块

Ebrahim Raisi, a conservative cleric and former chief of the judiciary, won Iran’s presidential election with 62% of the vote. His main rivals had all been barred from running. Turnout was less than 49%, a record low, as many liberal and moderate Iranians stayed at home. Mr Raisi promised to continue working with America and other world powers to resuscitate¹ the nuclear deal signed in 2015, but said he would not meet Joe Biden. And he insisted that Iran’s ballistic missile programme and its support for foreign militias² were not negotiable.

伊卜拉希姆·莱希是一名保守派神职人员，也是伊朗前司法部长，他以62%的选票赢得了伊朗总统选举。他的主要对手都被禁止参加竞选。由于许多自由和温和的伊朗选民没有参与投票，投票率低于49%，创历史新低。莱希承诺将继续与美国和其他世界大国合作，重启2015年签署的核协议，但他表示不会与乔·拜登会面。他还坚称，伊朗的弹道导弹计划及其对外国民兵的支持是不容谈判的。

Kenneth Kaunda, the founding president of Zambia, died at the age of 97. He is remembered as a giant of Africa’s liberation from colonial rule and for stepping down when he lost an election in 1991. He also locked up opponents and crashed the economy.

赞比亚首任总统肯尼斯·卡翁达逝世，享年97岁。他是帮助非洲摆脱殖民统治的伟人，也因1991年的选举中落败后下台而被人们铭记。他还把对手监禁起来，并且搞垮了经济。

Leaders of the 16 countries in the Southern African Development Community, a regional bloc³, agreed to send an armed force to Mozambique to battle jihadists, who have caused nearly 1m people to flee their homes.

区域组织南部非洲发展共同体16国领导人同意向莫桑比克派遣一支武装部队，与造成近100万人逃离家园的圣战分子作战。

Ethiopians voted in a parliamentary election marred⁴ by the arrest of opposition⁵ leaders and the disenfranchisement of a fifth of voters. The election was not held in four of the country’s ten regions because of conflict or mishaps⁶, such as misprinted ballot⁷ papers.

埃塞俄比亚人在议会选举中投票，反对派领导人被捕，五分之一的选民被剥夺选举权。由于冲突或选票印刷错误等事故，在全国10个地区中，有4个地区没有举行选举。

The Supreme⁸ Court of Japan ruled that laws requiring married couples to use the same surname are constitutional, rejecting a challenge by petitioners⁹ seeking to keep their original surnames.

日本最高法院裁定，要求已婚夫妇使用相同姓氏的法律符合宪法，驳回了想要保留原有姓氏的请愿者的诉求。

Brazil’s environment minister, Ricardo Salles, resigned amid a police investigation¹⁰ into an illegal wood-smuggling ring. Under Mr Salles’s watch the rate of deforestation in the Amazon soared by over 40%. His replacement¹¹ has ties to Brazil’s farming lobby.

巴西环境部长里卡多·萨勒斯(Ricardo Salles)因警方调查一起非法木材走私团伙而辞职。萨勒斯在任期间，亚马逊雨林的毁林率飙升了40%以上。他的继任者与巴西农业游说团体有联系。

1 resuscitate   

v.使复活，使苏醒

参考例句：

• A policeman and then a paramedic tried to resuscitate her.一名警察和一位护理人员先后试图救活她。
• As instructed by Rinpoche,we got the doctors to resuscitate him.遵照仁波切的指示，我们找来医生帮他进行急救。

2 militias   

n.民兵组织，民兵( militia的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The troops will not attempt to disarm the warring militias. 部队并不打算解除战斗中的民兵武装。 来自辞典例句
• The neighborhood was a battleground for Shiite and Sunni militias. 那里曾是什叶派和逊尼派武装分子的战场。 来自互联网

3 bloc   

n.集团；联盟

参考例句：

• A solid bloc of union members support the decision.工会会员团结起来支持该决定。
• There have been growing tensions within the trading bloc.贸易同盟国的关系越来越紧张。

4 marred   

adj. 被损毁, 污损的

参考例句：

• The game was marred by the behaviour of drunken fans. 喝醉了的球迷行为不轨，把比赛给搅了。
• Bad diction marred the effectiveness of his speech. 措词不当影响了他演说的效果。

5 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

6 mishaps   

n.轻微的事故，小的意外( mishap的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a series of mishaps 一连串的倒霉事
• In spite of one or two minor mishaps everything was going swimmingly. 尽管遇到了一两件小小的不幸，一切都进行得很顺利。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

7 ballot   

n.（不记名）投票，投票总数，投票权；vi.投票

参考例句：

• The members have demanded a ballot.会员们要求投票表决。
• The union said they will ballot members on whether to strike.工会称他们将要求会员投票表决是否罢工。

8 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

9 petitioners   

n.请求人，请愿人( petitioner的名词复数 )；离婚案原告

参考例句：

• Petitioners suggest that anything less than certainty, that any speculation, is irresponsible. 申诉者认为不准确的事或推断都是不负责任的。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• The judge awarded the costs of the case to the petitioners. 法官判定由这起案件的上诉人支付诉讼费用。 来自辞典例句

10 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

11 replacement   

n.取代，替换，交换；替代品，代用品

参考例句：

• We are hard put to find a replacement for our assistant.我们很难找到一个人来代替我们的助手。
• They put all the students through the replacement examination.他们让所有的学生参加分班考试。