2021年经济学人 波斯音乐--意识流(1)

Books&Arts

文学与艺术

Persian music--Stream of consciousness

波斯音乐——意识流

Niche¹ streaming help services Iranian musicians find their audience.

小众流媒体帮助伊朗音乐家找到他们的听众。

The work of Mim Rasouli, a musician based near Tehran, is rich in Persian and Western influences.

米姆·拉苏利是一位住在德黑兰附近的音乐家，他的作品深受波斯和西方的影响。

In “Fastalgia”, one of his best-known tunes², Mr Rasouli mashes³ up songs by Seyyed Javad Zabihi, a muezzin from the time of the shah; Mohammad Reza Shajarian, one of Iran’s greatest cultural treasures; Archive, an alt-rock band based in London; and Arms and Sleepers⁴, a trip-hop group from Boston.

在他最著名的歌曲之一“Fastalgia”中，拉苏利先生将几位艺术家的歌曲混搭在一起，其中有伊朗国王时期的宣教员赛义德·贾瓦德·扎比希、伊朗最伟大的文化瑰宝之一穆罕默德·雷扎·沙加里安、一个伦敦的另类摇滚乐队Archive，还有来自波士顿的旅行舞蹈团“武器与沉睡者”。

The result is a dreamy, nostalgic track meant to evoke⁵ a time when the Ramadan fast began with Zabihi’s call to prayer and the iftar, or fast-breaking evening meal, was accompanied by Shajarian’s thundering voice.

最终融合成一首梦幻又怀旧的歌曲，让人想起斋月里斋戒开始时，扎比希的呼唤祈祷，和伴随着沙加里安雷鸣般嗓音的斋戒晚餐。

Zabihi was murdered two years after the revolution of 1979; before he died last year Shajarian boycotted⁶ state radio to show support for pro-democracy protesters.

扎比希在1979年革命两年后被谋杀。去年，就在扎比希去世之前，沙加里安曾抵制国家电台，来表示对民主抗议者的支持。

Listeners can still stream their music on Spotify and similar services. But “Fastalgia” itself is not available.

听众仍然可以在Spotify和类似的平台上听他们的音乐。但是“Fastalgia”这首歌是听不了的。

Nor is anything else by Mr Rasouli, or indeed any Iranian musicians living and working in Iran.

拉苏利的其他作品也都听不了，甚至其他在伊朗生活和工作的伊朗音乐家的歌曲也没有。

The reason is simple. Sanctions prevent Western companies from engaging in commercial relationships with Iranian entities⁷ or individuals.

原因很简单。这是为了阻止西方公司与伊朗单位或个人建立商业关系。

Mr Rasouli says he would love to be on Spotify (itself not formally available in Iran), but instead puts his music online for nothing.

拉苏利表示，他很乐意把自己的音乐放到Spotify上(Spotify在伊朗还没有正式上线)，但最终还是将自己的音乐免费放到了网上。

His songs can be found on his personal website, YouTube, SoundCloud, Telegram and Navahang, a Persian-music streaming service.

他的歌曲可以在他个人的油管、声云、Telegram网站和波斯音乐流媒体Navahang上找到。

“I didn’t choose them,” Mr Rasouli says of this last outlet⁸.

拉苏利在谈到Navahang这一平台时说“我没有选择它们”。

Rather, after Navahang began posting his music of its own accord, he sent it more. He receives no payment in exchange.

相反，在Navahang开始发布自己的音乐后，拉苏利上传了更多，而他没有得到任何报酬。

Based in Finland, Navahang was set up in 2015 by Siavash Danesh, a refugee, with an app built in India.

Navahang由难民西亚瓦什·达内什于2015年创建，总部位于芬兰，应用程序开发在印度进行。

With roughly 2m users, it is a small outfit⁹ that focuses on the Iranian underground scene and female artists.

这是一家专注于伊朗地下艺术和女性艺术家的小型机构，它拥有大约200万用户。

The service is free; registration¹⁰ is not required.

平台服务是免费的，并且不需要注册。

It carries advertising¹¹, but its size, and the fact that many listeners are in unprofitable Iran, mean revenues are modest.

平台会承接广告，但是由于它规模不大，以及许多听众来自几乎没有盈利的伊朗地区，所以广告收入很有限。

1 niche   

n.壁龛；合适的职务(环境、位置等)

参考例句：

• Madeleine placed it carefully in the rocky niche. 玛德琳小心翼翼地把它放在岩石壁龛里。
• The really talented among women would always make their own niche.妇女中真正有才能的人总是各得其所。

2 tunes   

n.曲调，曲子( tune的名词复数 )v.调音( tune的第三人称单数 )；调整；（给收音机、电视等）调谐；使协调

参考例句：

• a potpourri of tunes 乐曲集锦
• When things get a bit too much, she simply tunes out temporarily. 碰到事情太棘手时，她干脆暂时撒手不管。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 mashes   

（水、谷物等混合而成的）糊状物( mash的名词复数 )

参考例句：

4 sleepers   

n.卧铺（通常以复数形式出现）；卧车( sleeper的名词复数 )；轨枕；睡觉（呈某种状态）的人；小耳环

参考例句：

• He trod quietly so as not to disturb the sleepers. 他轻移脚步，以免吵醒睡着的人。 来自辞典例句
• The nurse was out, and we two sleepers were alone. 保姆出去了，只剩下我们两个瞌睡虫。 来自辞典例句

5 evoke   

vt.唤起，引起，使人想起

参考例句：

• These images are likely to evoke a strong response in the viewer.这些图像可能会在观众中产生强烈反响。
• Her only resource was the sympathy she could evoke.她以凭借的唯一力量就是她能从人们心底里激起的同情。

6 boycotted   

抵制，拒绝参加( boycott的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Athletes from several countries boycotted the Olympic Games. 有好几国的运动员抵制奥林匹克运动会。
• The opposition party earlier boycotted the Diet agenda, demanding Miyaji's resignation. 反对党曾杯葛国会议程，要宫路下台。

7 entities   

实体对像； 实体，独立存在体，实际存在物( entity的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Our newspaper and our printing business form separate corporate entities. 我们的报纸和印刷业形成相对独立的企业实体。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities. 北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

8 outlet   

n.出口/路；销路；批发商店；通风口；发泄

参考例句：

• The outlet of a water pipe was blocked.水管的出水口堵住了。
• Running is a good outlet for his energy.跑步是他发泄过剩精力的好方法。

9 outfit   

n.（为特殊用途的）全套装备，全套服装

参考例句：

• Jenney bought a new outfit for her daughter's wedding.珍妮为参加女儿的婚礼买了一套新装。
• His father bought a ski outfit for him on his birthday.他父亲在他生日那天给他买了一套滑雪用具。

10 registration   

n.登记，注册，挂号

参考例句：

• Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
• What's your registration number?你挂的是几号？

11 advertising   

n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的

参考例句：

• Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
• The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。