TED演讲 拍摄神秘的世界(4)

 But through exposure to composite sketches,  但看完混合草图、

Polaroids, mug shots and line-ups,  宝丽来一次成像、脸部图像和一排人的图像后，

eyewitness¹ testimony² can change.  目击者的证词可能会改变。

I'll give you an example from a case.  我将给你一个这样的例子。

A woman was raped⁴ and presented with a series of photographs from which to identify her attacker.  一个妇女被强奸了，而后警方给了她一系列的照片，要她从中指认出强奸她的人。

She saw some similarities in one of the photographs,  她对其中的一张照片有点眼熟，

but couldn't quite make a positive identification.  但并不能完全确定这个人就是罪犯。

Days later, she is presented with another photo array of all new photographs, 几天后，警方又给她一个新的照片系列。

except that one photograph that she had some draw to from the earlier array is repeated in the second array. 不过第一列照片中只有之前她表示眼熟的照片，重新出现在第二系列中。

And a positive identification is made because the photograph replaced the memory, 于是，她做出了一个十分肯定的指认，因为即使她真的有记忆，

if there ever was an actual memory.  照片也取代了记忆。

Photography offered the criminal justice system a tool that transformed innocent citizens into criminals, 于是，照片为犯罪裁决系统提供了一个能把无辜的人变成罪犯的工具。

and the criminal justice system failed to recognize the limitations of relying on photographic identifications. 而犯罪裁决系统并不能意识到倚靠照片来指认的缺陷。

Frederick Daye, who is photographed at his alibi⁵ location,  我为弗里德雷在这个由13名目击证人，

where 13 witnesses placed him at the time of the crime.  指认他犯罪的地方照了这张照片。

He was convicted by an all-white jury of rape³, kidnapping and vehicle theft. 他被一个由白人组成的陪审团宣判犯有强奸、绑架和盗窃车辆罪。

And he served 10 years of a life sentence.  他为此被判了10年的监禁。

Now DNA⁶ exonerated⁷ Frederick and it also implicated⁸ another man who was serving time in prison. 现在，DNA洗清了弗里德雷的罪行，这还牵涉到另一个彼时在监狱服刑的人。

But the victim refused to press charges because she claimed that law enforcement had permanently⁹ altered her memory through the use of Frederick's photograph. 但是目击者拒绝为此负责，她声称法律机关强制使用的弗里德雷的照片，已经永久性地修改了她的记忆。

Charles Fain was convicted of kidnapping, rape and murder of a young girl walking to school. 查尔斯费恩被判有绑架、强奸和谋杀一名上学途中的女孩的罪名。

He served 18 years of a death sentence.  他为此被判死刑，服刑18年。

I photographed him at the scene of the crime at the Snake River in Idaho.  我为他在爱达华的蛇河边照了相，这就是案件发生的地方。

And I photographed all of the wrongfully convicted at sites that came to particular significance in the history of their wrongful conviction. 我为所有这些被误判的人们，在他们被误判的历史中十分重要的地方拍了照片。

The scene of arrest, the scene of misidentification,  这些是指他们被逮捕的地方，他们被错误指认的地方，

the alibi location.  以及他们在案发当时所在的地方。

And here, the scene of the crime, it's this place to which he's never been, but changed his life forever.  而这里—犯罪现场，是他从来没有到过，却永远地改变了他的命运的地方。

So photographing there, I was hoping to highlight the tenuous¹⁰ relationship between truth and fiction, 所以，在那里照相，我希望能强调在他的生命，以及在照片中，

in both his life and in photography.  是非之间脆弱的关系。

Calvin Washington was convicted of capital murder.  凯文华盛顿被宣判犯有蓄意谋杀罪。

He served 13 years of a life sentence in Waco, Texas.  他在德州瓦克度过了13年的监禁岁月。

Larry Mayes, I photographed at the scene of arrest,  我为拉里梅在印第安纳州盖里拍了这张照片。

where he hid between two mattresses¹¹ in Gary, Indiana,  这是他被捕的地方，当时就在这个房间里，藏在两个床垫之间，

in this very room to hide from the police.  躲避警察的抓捕。

He ended up serving 18 and a half years of an 80 year sentence for rape and robbery.  他因强奸和抢劫罪，被判了80年监禁，最后服刑18年半。

The victim failed to identify Larry in two live lineups and then made a positive identification, days later, 目击证人在两次排队照片中没有指认出拉里，却在几天之后从一系列照片中，

from a photo array.  肯定了拉里是罪犯。

Larry Youngblood served eight years of a 10 and half year sentence in Arizona for the abduction and repeated sodomizing of a 10 year old boy at a carnival¹². 拉里杨伯德被判在一个嘉年华上拐骗和鸡奸一名10岁男童罪,他在亚利桑那州服了10年监禁中的8年。

He is photographed at his alibi location.  他在案发当时他所在的地方照了相。

Ron Williamson. Ron was convicted of the rape and murder of a barmaid at a club, 罗威廉姆森被判强奸并杀害一名酒吧女服务员，

and served 11 years of a death sentence.  并被判死刑，服刑了11年。

1 eyewitness   

n.目击者，见证人

参考例句：

• The police questioned several eyewitness to the murder.警察询问了谋杀案的几位目击者。
• He was the only eyewitness of the robbery.他是那起抢劫案的唯一目击者。

2 testimony   

n.证词；见证，证明

参考例句：

• The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。
• He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。

3 rape   

n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸

参考例句：

• The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
• He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。

4 raped   

v.以暴力夺取，强夺( rape的过去式和过去分词 )；强奸

参考例句：

• A young woman was brutally raped in her own home. 一名年轻女子在自己家中惨遭强暴。 来自辞典例句
• We got stick together, or we will be having our women raped. 我们得团结一致，不然我们的妻女就会遭到蹂躏。 来自辞典例句

5 alibi   

n.某人当时不在犯罪现场的申辩或证明；借口

参考例句：

• Do you have any proof to substantiate your alibi? 你有证据表明你当时不在犯罪现场吗？
• The police are suspicious of his alibi because he already has a record.警方对他不在场的辩解表示怀疑，因为他已有前科。

6 DNA   

(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

参考例句：

• DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
• Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

7 exonerated   

v.使免罪，免除( exonerate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The police report exonerated Lewis from all charges of corruption. 警方的报告免除了对刘易斯贪污的所有指控。
• An investigation exonerated the school from any blame. 一项调查证明该学校没有任何过失。 来自辞典例句

8 implicated   

adj.密切关联的；牵涉其中的

参考例句：

• These groups are very strongly implicated in the violence. 这些组织与这起暴力事件有着极大的关联。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Having the stolen goods in his possession implicated him in the robbery. 因藏有赃物使他涉有偷盗的嫌疑。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 permanently   

adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地

参考例句：

• The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。
• The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。

10 tenuous   

adj.细薄的，稀薄的，空洞的

参考例句：

• He has a rather tenuous grasp of reality.他对现实认识很肤浅。
• The air ten miles above the earth is very tenuous.距离地面十公里的空气十分稀薄。

11 mattresses   

褥垫，床垫( mattress的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The straw mattresses are airing there. 草垫子正在那里晾着。
• The researchers tested more than 20 mattresses of various materials. 研究人员试验了二十多个不同材料的床垫。

12 carnival   

n.嘉年华会，狂欢，狂欢节，巡回表演

参考例句：

• I got some good shots of the carnival.我有几个狂欢节的精彩镜头。
• Our street puts on a carnival every year.我们街的居民每年举行一次嘉年华会。