美国有线新闻 CNN 美国经济按下"暂停键" 面临经济衰退

Roosevelt, Eisenhower, and Rolling Adjustment are all the names of what? White House rooms, recessions, amendments¹ or streets in D.C? There are all the names of historic American recessions, decreases in economic activity that lasted for months.

罗斯福、艾森豪威尔和滚动调整都是什么的名字？白宫房间、经济衰退、修正案还是华盛顿的街道？这些都是美国历史性经济衰退的名字，经济衰退指经济活动的下降持续数个月之久。

CNN Chief Business Correspondent CHRISTINE ROMANS: America has pressed the pause button on the economy. Social distancing, closed schools, canceled events, curfews — it will have an economic cost. A recession may already be underway. Some estimates for second quarter economic growth to shrink five percent. Lay-offs imminent².

CNN首席商业记者克里斯汀·罗曼斯：美国已经按下了经济暂停按纽。社交距离、学校停课、活动取消、宵禁——这些都将付出经济代价。经济衰退可能已经开始。一些人估计，第二季度经济增长将减少5%。裁员一触即发。

The tip of the spear is small business. Many don't have big bank accounts to cushion them. They have to pay their employees, pay their vendors³ and suppliers, pay their own rent, even when their customers stop coming.

受创最严重的是小企业。许多小企业没有大笔银行存款来自保。他们必须支付员工的工资、支付销售商和供应商货款，还要支付租金，即使无客上门。

Big business has deeper pockets but may need big help too. Airlines are seeking up to $50 billion in aid from the government, a dramatic change in fortune from what had been record airline profits, tax cuts, stock buy backs for its shareholders⁴. U.S. airports are seeking $10 billion in government assistance to offset⁵ losses spurred by this outbreak. That's according to one industry source. Tourism, hotels, cruise lines — their businesses collapsing⁶. So what has been done?

大企业财力更雄厚，但他们可能也需要很大的帮助。航空公司正在寻求高达500亿美元的政府援助，与此前创记录的航空公司利润、减税和股东回购股票相比，这是财富上的巨大变化。美国机场正在寻求100亿美元的政府援助，以弥补疫情造成的损失。这一消息来源于一位业内人士。旅游、酒店、游轮——这些行业的业务正在崩盘。那采取了哪些措施？

Well, the Federal Reserve has slashed⁷ benchmark short-term interest rates to near zero and pledged to help the banking⁸ system by buying $700 billion in securities. Congress has already passed $8.3 billion in emergency spending to help increase capacity for things like testing and is working on relief for some but not all workers to have unemployment benefits and paid sick leave. But many economists⁹ say a large targeted stimulus¹⁰ needs to come together and soon. A little over a decade after bailouts for banks, workers and the auto¹¹ industry divided this nation. Here we go again.

美联储已将短期基准利率降至接近零的水平，并承诺通过购买7000亿美元证券来帮助银行系统。国会已经通过了83亿美元的紧急支出法案，以帮助提高检测等方面的能力，同时努力帮助部分（不是全部）工人获得失业救济和带薪病假。但许多经济学家表示，需要尽快出台大规模且有针对性的刺激措施。十多年前，银行、工人和汽车业的救助计划导致国家分裂。现在，我们再次面临这种局面。

1 amendments   

（法律、文件的）改动( amendment的名词复数 )； 修正案； 修改； （美国宪法的）修正案

参考例句：

• The committee does not adequately consult others when drafting amendments. 委员会在起草修正案时没有充分征求他人的意见。
• Please propose amendments and addenda to the first draft of the document. 请对这个文件的初稿提出修改和补充意见。

2 imminent   

adj.即将发生的，临近的，逼近的

参考例句：

• The black clounds show that a storm is imminent.乌云预示暴风雨即将来临。
• The country is in imminent danger.国难当头。

3 vendors   

n.摊贩( vendor的名词复数 )；小贩；（房屋等的）卖主；卖方

参考例句：

• The vendors were gazundered at the last minute. 卖主在最后一刻被要求降低房价。
• At the same time, interface standards also benefIt'software vendors. 同时，界面标准也有利于软件开发商。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

4 shareholders   

n.股东( shareholder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders. 90%的股东出席了会议。
• the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders 公司对股东负有的受托责任

5 offset   

n.分支，补偿；v.抵消，补偿

参考例句：

• Their wage increases would be offset by higher prices.他们增加的工资会被物价上涨所抵消。
• He put up his prices to offset the increased cost of materials.他提高了售价以补偿材料成本的增加。

6 collapsing   

压扁[平]，毁坏，断裂

参考例句：

• Rescuers used props to stop the roof of the tunnel collapsing. 救援人员用支柱防止隧道顶塌陷。
• The rocks were folded by collapsing into the center of the trough. 岩石由于坍陷进入凹槽的中心而发生褶皱。

7 slashed   

v.挥砍( slash的过去式和过去分词 )；鞭打；割破；削减

参考例句：

• Someone had slashed the tyres on my car. 有人把我的汽车轮胎割破了。
• He slashed the bark off the tree with his knife. 他用刀把树皮从树上砍下。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

9 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 stimulus   

n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物

参考例句：

• Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts.把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。
• Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.光是促进植物生长的一个因素。

11 auto   

n.(=automobile)(口语)汽车

参考例句：

• Don't park your auto here.别把你的汽车停在这儿。
• The auto industry has brought many people to Detroit.汽车工业把许多人吸引到了底特律。