经济学人:惊人的胜利 亿万富翁掌权格鲁吉亚

 　　Europe Georgian politics

　　欧洲 格鲁吉亚政治

　　A stunning¹ victory

　　惊人的胜利

　　A billionaire has unexpectedly won Georgia’s elections

　　亿万富翁出人意料地赢得了格鲁吉亚大选

　　Bidzina Ivanishvili made a bold promise a year ago. Georgia’s richest man promised to assemble a coalition² to win the parliamentary elections in 2012 and unseat the “dictatorship” of President Mikheil Saakashvili. On October 1st Mr Ivanishvili’s Georgian Dream coalition won 55% of the vote. Mr Saakashvili gracefully³ conceded that his United National Movement (UNM) had lost, and welcomed Mr Ivanishvili into power.

　　一年前，格鲁吉亚首富毕齐达·伊万尼舍维里许下了一个大胆的承诺，他将组建一个联合政党来赢得2012年的议会大选，从而废除总统米哈伊尔·萨卡什维利的“独裁统治”。10月1日，伊万尼舍维里领导的格鲁吉亚之梦联盟以55%的选票赢得了选举。萨卡什维利优雅地承认他的格鲁吉亚民族联合运动失败了，同时欢迎伊万尼舍维里掌权。

　　But not just yet. Georgia remains⁴ a presidential republic for another year, when constitutional amendments⁵ take effect. Until then Mr Ivanishvili’s scope will be limited. He called for the president to resign at once, then rescinded⁶. Mr Saakashvili is not budging⁷. The coming months may be bumpy⁸.

　　但是目前看来，事情并不是这样。在宪法修正案生效之前，格鲁吉亚仍将保持总统制共和国一年之久。在那之前，伊万尼舍维里先生的影响范围将会受到限制。他呼吁让总统立刻辞职，随后被撤回。萨卡什维利先生不肯做出丝毫让步。接下来的几个月将会非常艰难。

　　Despite the bickering⁹, the election is a landmark¹⁰. Never in Georgian history has a government changed so peacefully and lawfully¹¹. That crowns other achievements of the past eight years. Modern Georgia is a far cry from the ill-run backwater that Mr Saakashvili took over in 2003. Transport systems and other public buildings have been transformed. Petty corruption¹² has vanished. The economy is growing fast. But unemployment and poverty are high and life for many is hard.

　　尽管争论不断，但是本次大选已经成为一个里程碑。这是格鲁吉亚历史上最和平，最合法的政权转换，是近八年来最伟大的成就。2003年，萨卡什维利开始接手这滩经营不善的死水，如今的格鲁吉亚已经完全不同。运输系统和其他公共建筑得到了改善，少数腐败行为消失不见，经济迅速增长。但是失业人数和贫困人口仍居高不下，许多人的生活依然非常艰难。

　　How Mr Ivanishvili’s disparate coalition will deal with this legacy¹³ is unclear. He has no political record and was all but unknown until a year ago. His main policy is better relations with Russia. It defeated Georgia in a short war in 2008 and occupies a fifth of its territory: the self-proclaimed states of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. A change of personality at the top should make a thaw¹⁴ easier. Vladimir Putin, the Russian president, once said he wanted to hang Mr Saakashvili “by the balls”.

　　伊万尼舍维里领导的迥然不同的联合政党将会如何处理这些遗留问题，我们不得而知。他没有任何从政历史，直到一年前才为人所知。他的主要政策就是改善与俄罗斯的关系。2008年，两国之间发生了一场短暂的战争，俄罗斯取得了胜利并占领了格鲁吉亚五分之一的领土，宣布阿布哈兹和南奥赛梯地区为独立国家。国家高层领导人态度的转变将会更有利于改善两国之间的僵硬的关系。俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普金曾怒气冲冲地声称要“牢牢地”绞死萨卡什维利先生。

　　The cause of the row was Georgia’s pro-Western orientation¹⁵: its bid to join NATO was anathema¹⁶ to Russia and regarded with deep scepticism in much of the alliance. Mr Ivanishvili says he too wants to support membership of the alliance. His first trip abroad may be to America. But the new premier’s real priority will be to revive trade with Russia. Kremlin sanctions have strangled Georgian exports such as wine, fruit and mineral water.

　　引发争端的原因是格鲁吉亚的亲西方化的倾向：他们申请加入北大西洋公约组织，这在俄罗斯看来是对其的一种诅咒，北约也怀疑其图谋不轨。伊万尼舍维里先生表示他也支持格鲁吉亚成为北大西洋公约组织的一员。他就任后首次出访的目的地将是美国，但是新总理真正的首要任务是恢复同苏联的贸易。俄罗斯政府的制裁扼杀了格鲁吉亚酒类，水果和矿泉水的出口。

　　On other issues Mr Ivanishvili has been full of spleen about misrule, but hazy¹⁷ about what he would do differently. He has promised that he will be prime minister for no more than two years. Some doubt his coalition, of liberals, nationalists and eccentrics, will stay together once the euphoria of victory has passed. David Usupashvili, head of the Republican Party, says that Mr Ivanishvili’s business success shows he has the “ability necessary for a leader”. Such wealth “cannot be assembled by an unwise person”.

　　在其他问题上，伊万尼舍维里一直对暴政深恶痛绝，但是他却不太清楚如何做得与众不同。他承诺他只担任两年的总理。一些人担心一旦胜利的喜悦过后，他领导的由自由主义者、爱国主义者和怪人组成的联合政党会不会保持团结。共和党领导大卫·乌苏帕什维利认为伊万尼舍维里的商业成功表明他具备“一个领导所需的能力”。不明智的人是无法积累如此多的财富的。

　　Mr Saakashvili has some thinking to do, too. Nobody from his camp, or among election-watchers in Tbilisi, foresaw this outcome. Their big worry was how to keep Georgian Dream loyalists, perhaps backed by Russia, from avenging¹⁸ defeat with violence. The surprise highlights the complacency that is the ruling elite’s big weakness. Many in Mr Saakashvili’s party came to believe that they were destined¹⁹ to rule and that criticism was treachery. Now it has to play a new role of a strong loyal opposition²⁰. That may test its unity²¹.

　　萨卡什维利先生也该好好思考一番了。无论是在他领导的阵营，还是第比利斯的观察团中都没有人预见到这个结果。他们巨大的担心是如何防止可能得到俄罗斯支持的格鲁吉亚之梦党的拥护者以暴力报复战败。这个出人意料地结果凸显了统治精英的一大缺点—自鸣得意。萨卡什维利领导的政党里许多人都认为他们注定会是统治者，批评意味着背叛。现在，他们要扮演一个新的角色，强大的忠实反对派。这是对他们凝聚力的考验。

　　The decisive factor in the election may have been videos of abuse in prison, including a man apparently²² being raped²³ with a broom. Though their provenance²⁴ was unclear, for many the footage crystallised resentment²⁵ against the arrogance²⁶ and impunity²⁷ of Mr Saakashvili’s rule.

　　决定选举的关键因素可能是监狱里虐待犯人的视频，其中包括用扫把殴打犯人的非常明显的镜头。虽然他们的出处尚不明确，但是一个个连续镜头具体化了许多人对萨卡什维利执政的傲慢和不受惩罚的怨恨。

　　Neither side will find the post-election period easy. Giga Bokeria, Mr Saakashvili’s influential²⁸ National Security Adviser²⁹, has said that Mr Ivanishvili has introduced “poison” into the political system.

　　选举结束后的这段时期对双方来说都不容易。萨卡什维利的颇具影响力的国家安全顾问吉佳·博克里亚声称伊万尼舍维里已经将“毒药”引进了政治体系。

　　For his part, Mr Ivanishvili said during the campaign that Mr Saakashvili and his officials would face unspecified “justice” once Georgian Dream came to power. Among other wild talk, he suggested that any supporter of Mr Saakashvili’s was an “accomplice in the cruellest crime”. Even the election result is open to challenge. Mr Saakashvili’s UNM claim that Georgian Dream activists³⁰ are pressing local election commissions to change results in their favour. The NATO observation mission in Georgia has expressed “serious concern” about that.

　　而伊万尼舍维里在大选运动期间表示一旦格鲁吉亚之梦党上台，萨卡什维利和他的官员们将面临未指定的“法律制裁”。他在其他轻率的对话中也暗示任何萨卡什维利政党的支持者都是“最残酷的犯罪的共犯”。即使选举结果面临着挑战，萨卡什维利领导的格鲁吉亚民主联合运动党声称格鲁吉亚之梦党的积极分子在对当地的选举委员会施压，试图改变选举结果，从而对他们有利。北大西洋公约组织驻格鲁吉亚观察使团对此表达了“深切关注”。

　　It is all still fragile. But by admitting defeat, Mr Saakashvili handed his country a victory and wrong-footed Mr Ivanishvili, who had said that he would never be allowed to win elections. Now that he has, he has a great responsibility to the system that has vaulted³¹ him to power.

　　虽然一切都还很脆弱，但是通过承认失败，萨卡什维利先生传递给他的国家胜利的讯号，并使伊万尼舍维里大乱阵脚，他曾表示从未被允许赢得选举。既然他赢得了选举，那么他就该对这个支持他掌权的系统担负起应有的责任。 翻译：姜振南

　　1.parliamentary elections 议会选举

　　例句:The polls have closed in the Pakistan parliamentary elections.

　　巴基斯坦议会选举投票已结束。

　　2.take effect 生效；起作用

　　例句:International sanctions were beginning to take effect.

　　国际制裁开始起作用了。

　　3.mineral water 矿泉水

　　例句:The high quality mineral water has passed the state-level test.

　　优质矿泉水已通过国家级鉴定。

　　4.come to power 执政；掌权

　　例句:They had come to power ten years earlier.

　　他们早十年就已掌权。

1 stunning   

adj.极好的；使人晕倒的

参考例句：

• His plays are distinguished only by their stunning mediocrity.他的戏剧与众不同之处就是平凡得出奇。
• The finished effect was absolutely stunning.完工后的效果非常美。

2 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

3 gracefully   

ad.大大方方地；优美地

参考例句：

• She sank gracefully down onto a cushion at his feet. 她优雅地坐到他脚旁的垫子上。
• The new coats blouse gracefully above the hip line. 新外套在臀围线上优美地打着褶皱。

4 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

5 amendments   

（法律、文件的）改动( amendment的名词复数 )； 修正案； 修改； （美国宪法的）修正案

参考例句：

• The committee does not adequately consult others when drafting amendments. 委员会在起草修正案时没有充分征求他人的意见。
• Please propose amendments and addenda to the first draft of the document. 请对这个文件的初稿提出修改和补充意见。

6 rescinded   

v.废除，取消( rescind的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Rescinded civil acts shall be null and void from the very beginning. 被撤销的民事行为从行为开始起无效。 来自互联网
• They accepted his advice and rescinded the original plan. 他们听从了他的劝告，撤销了原计划。 来自互联网

7 budging   

v.（使）稍微移动( budge的现在分词 )；（使）改变主意，（使）让步

参考例句：

• Give it up, plumber. She's not budging. 别费劲了，水管工。她不会改变主意的。 来自互联网
• I wondered how Albert who showed no intention of budging, felt about Leopold's desertion. 对于从未有迁徙打算的艾伯特来说，我不知道它会怎样看待利奥波德这样弃它而去呢。 来自互联网

8 bumpy   

adj.颠簸不平的，崎岖的

参考例句：

• I think we've a bumpy road ahead of us.我觉得我们将要面临一段困难时期。
• The wide paved road degenerated into a narrow bumpy track.铺好的宽阔道路渐渐变窄，成了一条崎岖不平的小径。

9 bickering   

v.争吵( bicker的现在分词 )；口角；（水等）作潺潺声；闪烁

参考例句：

• The children are always bickering about something or other. 孩子们有事没事总是在争吵。
• The two children were always bickering with each other over small matters. 这两个孩子总是为些小事斗嘴。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

10 landmark   

n.陆标，划时代的事，地界标

参考例句：

• The Russian Revolution represents a landmark in world history.俄国革命是世界历史上的一个里程碑。
• The tower was once a landmark for ships.这座塔曾是船只的陆标。

11 lawfully   

adv.守法地，合法地；合理地

参考例句：

• Lawfully established contracts shall be protected by law. 依法成立的合同应受法律保护。 来自口语例句
• As my lawfully wedded husband, in sickness and in health, till death parts us. 当成是我的合法丈夫，无论疾病灾难，直到死亡把我们分开。 来自电影对白

12 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

13 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

14 thaw   

v.（使）融化，（使）变得友善；n.融化，缓和

参考例句：

• The snow is beginning to thaw.雪已开始融化。
• The spring thaw caused heavy flooding.春天解冻引起了洪水泛滥。

15 orientation   

n.方向，目标；熟悉，适应，情况介绍

参考例句：

• Children need some orientation when they go to school.小孩子上学时需要适应。
• The traveller found his orientation with the aid of a good map.旅行者借助一幅好地图得知自己的方向。

16 anathema   

n.诅咒；被诅咒的人(物)，十分讨厌的人(物)

参考例句：

• Independence for the Kurds is anathema to Turkey and Iran.库尔德人的独立对土耳其和伊朗来说将是一场梦魇。
• Her views are ( an ) anathema to me.她的观点真叫我讨厌。

17 hazy   

adj.有薄雾的，朦胧的；不肯定的，模糊的

参考例句：

• We couldn't see far because it was so hazy.雾气蒙蒙妨碍了我们的视线。
• I have a hazy memory of those early years.对那些早先的岁月我有着朦胧的记忆。

18 avenging   

adj.报仇的，复仇的v.为…复仇，报…之仇( avenge的现在分词 )；为…报复

参考例句：

• He has devoted the past five years to avenging his daughter's death. 他过去5年一心报丧女之仇。 来自辞典例句
• His disfigured face was like some avenging nemesis of gargoyle design. 他那张破了相的脸，活象面目狰狞的复仇之神。 来自辞典例句

19 destined   

adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的

参考例句：

• It was destined that they would marry.他们结婚是缘分。
• The shipment is destined for America.这批货物将运往美国。

20 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

21 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

22 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

23 raped   

v.以暴力夺取，强夺( rape的过去式和过去分词 )；强奸

参考例句：

• A young woman was brutally raped in her own home. 一名年轻女子在自己家中惨遭强暴。 来自辞典例句
• We got stick together, or we will be having our women raped. 我们得团结一致，不然我们的妻女就会遭到蹂躏。 来自辞典例句

24 provenance   

n.出处；起源

参考例句：

• Kato was fully aware of the provenance of these treasures.加藤完全清楚这些珍宝的来源。
• This plant's provenance is Asiadj.这种植物原产于亚洲。

25 resentment   

n.怨愤，忿恨

参考例句：

• All her feelings of resentment just came pouring out.她一股脑儿倾吐出所有的怨恨。
• She cherished a deep resentment under the rose towards her employer.她暗中对她的雇主怀恨在心。

26 arrogance   

n.傲慢，自大

参考例句：

• His arrogance comes out in every speech he makes.他每次讲话都表现得骄傲自大。
• Arrogance arrested his progress.骄傲阻碍了他的进步。

27 impunity   

n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除

参考例句：

• You will not escape with impunity.你不可能逃脱惩罚。
• The impunity what compulsory insurance sets does not include escapement.交强险规定的免责范围不包括逃逸。

28 influential   

adj.有影响的，有权势的

参考例句：

• He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
• He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。

29 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

30 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

31 vaulted   

adj.拱状的

参考例句：

• She vaulted over the gate and ran up the path. 她用手一撑跃过栅栏门沿着小路跑去。
• The formal living room has a fireplace and vaulted ceilings. 正式的客厅有一个壁炉和拱形天花板。