经济学人:最冰冷的"欢迎" 希腊人用纳粹抗议铁娘子访问

 　　Greece and Germany

　　希腊与德国

　　Angela's Athens

　　安吉拉在希腊

　　Greeks bearing grudges¹

　　希腊怨声载道

　　AS a stiff Aegean breeze fluttered the hair and lapels of Angela Merkel’s pale-green jacket, one Greek reporter thought the outfit² looked familiar. The German chancellor³, making a one-day working visit to Athens, seemed to have picked the same jacket she wore in July while watching Germany trounce Greece 4-2 at this year’s European football championship. Was Mrs Merkel planning to blast the Greeks again, this time for foot-dragging over economic reforms?

　　德国总理正对希腊进行为期一日的工作访问，安吉拉·默克尔身着淡绿色夹克站立在爱琴海的微风中，头发和衣领随风翩翩起舞。此情此景令一名希腊记者觉得似曾相识。七月份的欧洲足球锦标赛决赛上她穿的也是这件衣服。她似乎特意挑选过，难道默克尔打算再一次扇希腊一嘴巴吗？上次是因为希腊以2-4大败于德国，这次难道是因为停滞不前的经济改革？

　　Antonis Samaras, the prime minister, need not have worried. The European Union’s toughest advocate of austerity gave a positive message, even if it was typically cautious. Mrs Merkel said she hoped and wished that Greece would remain a member of the euro zone, praised the country’s progress with cutting expenditure⁴ and offered “practical” assistance with structural⁵ reforms, such as German expertise⁶ on overhauling⁷ tax administration and modernising local government.

　　希腊总理安东尼斯·萨马拉斯不必忧心忡忡。欧盟中态度最强硬的紧缩政策拥护者虽然仍保持谨慎态度，但其已向希腊传达了积极的信号。默克尔表示她希望希腊能维持其欧元区成员国的地位，她表扬了希腊在削减财政支出方面所取得的进展，并切实为希腊提供结构改革方面的援助，其中包括为希腊税收管理大检修提供德国专家的指导，以及为当地政府现代化提供帮助。

　　The chancellor’s efforts to empathise with ordinary Greeks suffering the pain of a five-year recession were less successful. Hostile protesters outside parliament waved banners declaring “Angela you are not welcome”. Alexis Tsipras, leader of the radical⁸ left-wing Syriza, now the main opposition⁹ party in parliament, joined the demonstration¹⁰, railing against “barbarous” measures imposed by international lenders. Several municipal workers in full Nazi¹¹ uniform, one of them with an Adolf Hitler moustache, drove a jeep flying swastika flags through a central boulevard as a tasteless reminder¹² of the German occupation of Athens in the second world war.

　　德国总理向5年经济衰退中受苦的希腊民众表示同情，但是却并不受待见。满怀怨恨的抗议者在国会大厦外面挥舞旗帜扬言“安吉拉，我们不欢迎你”。极左派联盟西里扎（Syriza）是议会中主要反对党，其领导人亚历克西斯·西普拉斯也参加了这次游行示威，斥责国际借贷者强制实行的政策“惨无人道”。更有些市政工作者穿上纳粹全套制服，其中一人还留着阿道夫希特勒的八字须，开着吉普车，挥舞带有卍标志的旗帜，穿行于中央林荫大道，不痛不痒地提醒着人们二战时德国侵占希腊的罪行。

　　At one point, as riot police briefly¹³ used tear gas and stun¹⁴ grenades to block protesters from approaching the parliament building, it looked as if the visit might backfire disastrously¹⁵. Shortly afterwards Karolos Papoulias, the plain-speaking Greek president, told Mrs Merkel the Greeks could not endure much more austerity. At a business gathering¹⁶, Greece’s senior industrialist¹⁷ complained about pressure on Athens to legislate¹⁸ a lower minimum monthly wage of 580 ($747), aimed at making Greek companies more competitive, The chancellor said mildly she would consult the troika-the EU, European Central Bank, and IMF officials working with the Greek finance ministry¹⁹ on a new 13.5 billion austerity package.

　　当防暴警察用烟雾弹闪光弹阻止游行者靠近国会大厦时，人们一度觉得此次访问会产生灾难性的反作用。此后不久，希腊总统卡罗洛斯·帕普利亚斯明确的告诉默克尔，希腊没法承受这么大幅度的紧缩。在商业聚会上，希腊资深企业家也抱怨紧缩给希腊的巨大压力，法定最低月工资降到了580 ($747)，尽管此举旨在提升企业竞争力。德国总理态度很柔和，表示将与“三头马车”商讨，即欧盟，欧中央行和国际货币基金组织，努力与希腊财政部长达成新的135亿的紧缩方案。

　　Mr Samaras’s approval rating at home may benefit from having hosted Europe’s most powerful politician. Even so, he must wrap up the new economic package and persuade the socialist²⁰ and left-wing party leaders, his coalition²¹ partners, to back it before the European summit on October 18th. He must also push the measures through parliament before Greece can draw down a long-overdue 31.2 billion loan disbursement²². For as long as government suppliers continue to be unpaid²³ and banks undercapitalised, the cash-starved economy has no prospect²⁴ of moving again.

　　萨马拉斯在国内的支持率会因为接待欧洲这位最有实力的政治家而提升。尽管如此，他必须完成新经济计划，并在10月18日欧洲峰会前说服其联合党派社会党和其他左翼党派领导人。他必须先在议会上通过紧缩方案，然后才能获得期盼已久的312亿的贷款援助。若政府资金提供方一直不提供贷款，银行便资金不足，亟待资金的希腊便没可能挪动步子向前走。

　　All the measures for 2013, amounting to 9 billion of spending cuts, have been agreed on, including reductions in farmers’ modest pensions and a new tonnage tax that patriotic²⁵ shipowners whose vessels²⁶ fly the Greek flag have unexpectedly agreed to pay. The gap for 2014 is “fairly small” and could be closed within days, barring an upset in talks with the troika, negotiators say. Greece should be able to balance its budget next year (before interest repayments). Yet if reforms start falling behind, talk of a “Grexit” from the euro will quickly resurface.

　　2013年的财政削减共达90亿，对此各方都已达成一致，其中包括削减农民适度养老金。另外插有希腊旗帜的爱国船商竟然出乎意料地答应交付巨额税款。2013与2014的差距已经相当小了，并且这个缺口将在数天内填补，但是与三头马车的协商却不是很顺利，谈判者如是说。希腊应能在明年平衡预算（不包括利息偿还），但是如果改革跟不上，“希腊退出欧元区”的议题又会被放到议桌上。

　　Mr Samaras has come a long way since his centre-right New Democracy party scraped a narrow election victory in June. As opposition leader he denounced Greece’s first bail-out in 2010. Advisers²⁷ recall that afterwards Mrs Merkel and the troika berated²⁸ him as an irresponsible southern European politician. Mr Samaras says Greece has turned a page; he chose to make his first trip abroad as prime minister to Berlin. His efforts may be starting to show results, but Mr Samaras still has a long road ahead.

　　自从萨马拉斯领导的中右翼新民主党在6月的选举中勉强获胜以来，他已经取得了很多突破。作为反对党领导人，他曾谴责2010年对希腊的救援行为。据回忆，那次救援行动后，默克尔和三头政治批评他为不负责任的南欧政治家。萨马拉斯则表示希腊已经改过自新，并且决定对柏林进行成为总理以来的第一次访问。萨马拉斯的努力将初显成效，但他还有很长的路要走。 翻译：郁炳睿

　　1.foot-dragging 拖拉；懒散

　　例句:He accused the company of 'shameful²⁹ foot-dragging'.

　　他批评这家公司“极其拖沓”。

　　2.wrap up 包裹；席卷

　　例句:I can't wrap up the peace talk in less than fifty pages.

　　我无法以不到50页纸的篇幅写出和平会谈总结。

　　3.fall behind 拖欠；落后

　　例句:Don't fall behind with your rent.

　　不要拖欠房租。

　　4.draw down 引来；招致

　　例句:If you go on behaving like that, you'll draw down blame on our heads.

　　你如果再这样胡闹，就会招惹我们生气的。

1 grudges   

不满，怨恨，妒忌( grudge的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He never grudges money. 他从不吝惜金钱。
• They bear grudges against each other. 他俩有过节儿。

2 outfit   

n.（为特殊用途的）全套装备，全套服装

参考例句：

• Jenney bought a new outfit for her daughter's wedding.珍妮为参加女儿的婚礼买了一套新装。
• His father bought a ski outfit for him on his birthday.他父亲在他生日那天给他买了一套滑雪用具。

3 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

4 expenditure   

n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗

参考例句：

• The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把一切开支入账。
• The monthly expenditure of our family is four hundred dollars altogether.我们一家的开销每月共计四百元。

5 structural   

adj.构造的，组织的，建筑（用）的

参考例句：

• The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

6 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

7 overhauling   

n.大修；拆修；卸修；翻修v.彻底检查( overhaul的现在分词 )；大修；赶上；超越

参考例句：

• I had no chance of overhauling him. 我没有赶上他的可能。 来自辞典例句
• Some sites need little alterations but some need total overhauling. 有些网站需要做出细微修改，而有些网站就需要整体改版。 来自互联网

8 radical   

n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的

参考例句：

• The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
• She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。

9 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

10 demonstration   

n.表明，示范，论证，示威

参考例句：

• His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
• He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。

11 Nazi   

n.纳粹分子，adj.纳粹党的，纳粹的

参考例句：

• They declare the Nazi regime overthrown and sue for peace.他们宣布纳粹政权已被推翻，并出面求和。
• Nazi closes those war criminals inside their concentration camp.纳粹把那些战犯关在他们的集中营里。

12 reminder   

n.提醒物，纪念品；暗示，提示

参考例句：

• I have had another reminder from the library.我又收到图书馆的催还单。
• It always took a final reminder to get her to pay her share of the rent.总是得发给她一份最后催缴通知，她才付应该交的房租。

13 briefly   

adv.简单地，简短地

参考例句：

• I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
• He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。

14 stun   

vt.打昏，使昏迷，使震惊，使惊叹

参考例句：

• When they told me she had gone missing I was totally stunned.他们告诉我她不见了时，我当时完全惊呆了。
• Sam stood his ground and got a blow that stunned him.萨姆站在原地，被一下打昏了。

15 disastrously   

ad.灾难性地

参考例句：

• Their profits began to spiral down disastrously. 他们的利润开始螺旋形地急剧下降。
• The fit between the country's information needs and its information media has become disastrously disjointed. 全国的信息需求与信息传播媒介之间的配置，出现了严重的不协调。

16 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

17 industrialist   

n.工业家，实业家

参考例句：

• The industrialist's son was kidnapped.这名实业家的儿子被绑架了。
• Mr.Smith was a wealthy industrialist,but he was not satisfied with life.史密斯先生是位富有的企业家，可他对生活感到不满意。

18 legislate   

vt.制定法律；n.法规，律例；立法

参考例句：

• Therefore,it is very urgent to legislate for the right of privacy.因此，为隐私权立法刻不容缓。
• It's impossible to legislate for every contingency.为每一偶发事件都立法是不可能的。

19 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

20 socialist   

n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的

参考例句：

• China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
• His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。

21 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

22 disbursement   

n.支付，付款

参考例句：

• Marine bill of lading showing any disbursement charges marked COLLECT not acceptable. 海运提单上显示的任何费用标明“到付”将不予接受。
• This makes the disbursement of 51 channel is very convenient. 这就使得51的支付渠道非常方便。

23 unpaid   

adj.未付款的，无报酬的

参考例句：

• Doctors work excessive unpaid overtime.医生过度加班却无报酬。
• He's doing a month's unpaid work experience with an engineering firm.他正在一家工程公司无偿工作一个月以获得工作经验。

24 prospect   

n.前景，前途；景色，视野

参考例句：

• This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
• The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。

25 patriotic   

adj.爱国的，有爱国心的

参考例句：

• His speech was full of patriotic sentiments.他的演说充满了爱国之情。
• The old man is a patriotic overseas Chinese.这位老人是一位爱国华侨。

26 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

27 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

28 berated   

v.严厉责备，痛斥( berate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Marion berated Joe for the noise he made. 玛丽昂严厉斥责乔吵吵闹闹。 来自辞典例句
• It berated Mussolini for selling out to Berlin. 它严厉谴责了墨索里尼背叛、投靠柏林的行径。 来自辞典例句

29 shameful   

adj.可耻的，不道德的

参考例句：

• It is very shameful of him to show off.他向人炫耀自己，真不害臊。
• We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers.我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。