经济学人:一周要闻 三菱汽车油耗测试造假股价一度跳楼 欧盟反垄断斗争开辟新战线

 　　The world this week-Business 本周经济要闻

　　The European Union opened up a new front in its antitrust battle with Google by accusing the company of using the dominant¹ position of its Android operating system in the smartphone market to limit competition.  欧盟在针对谷歌的反垄断斗争中开辟了一条新战线，它指控谷歌在智能手机市场上利用对安卓操作系统的支配地位来限制竞争。

　　The EU is focused on the strict licensing² rules that Google imposes on smartphone-makers—for example, requiring them to pre-install its Chrome browser³ as a condition of licensing some Google apps.  欧盟专注于谷歌针对智能手机生产商实行严厉的安卓许可规则—例如，要求他们预装谷歌的Chrome浏览器，作为允许使用某些谷歌应用的条件。

　　Google, which has a few months to respond, pointed⁴ out that apps for Facebook, Amazon and others are also usually pre-installed on phones. 谷歌需在数月内作出应对。该公司指出，脸谱、亚马逊及其他公司的应用也通常预装在手机之中。

　　The deadline passed for potential buyers of Yahoo to submit their offers.  雅虎的潜在收购方提交出价的最后期限已过。

　　Verizon, America's biggest wireless⁵ telecom firm, is said to be leading the field of contenders.  据闻，美国最大的无线电信公司威瑞讯（Vorizon）在竞价者中属于领跑者。

　　Marissa Mayer, Yahoo's chief executive, responded to investor⁶ criticisms that the process was slow and disorderly by saying that the huge interest shown by the suitors was humbling⁷. 雅虎的首席执行官马利沙·梅耶对投资者们批评并购进展缓慢而无序作出回应，声称有意收购方展现的巨大兴趣是令人羞恼的。

　　Intel decided⁸ to cut 12,000 jobs worldwide, 11% of its workforce⁹, as it rejects its business to focus more on powering cloud-computing services and less on making chips for PCs, which still account for 60% of its sales. 英特尔公司决定在全球削减1.2万个工作岗位，占到其员工总数的11%。该公司正在进行结构调整，将更多精力集中于支持云计算服务，减少计算机芯片生产方面的投入，而后者仍占其销售额的60%。

　　A mooted¹⁰ freeze in oil output among most of the world's big producers was scuppered when talks collapsed¹² in Doha, the Qatari capital.  在卡塔尔首都多哈的谈判破裂，世界上绝大多数石油生产大国之间有争议的固定产量协议就此崩溃。

　　Saudi Arabia walked away when Iran, which only recently regained¹³ full access to international oil markets, refused to attend.  伊朗最近才重获国际石油市场的进入权，该国拒绝加入限产计划之后，沙特阿拉伯随即退出谈判。

　　Russia had joined the Saudis to call for a freeze in output in order to ease the current glut¹⁴ and thus boost oil prices, the collapse¹¹ of which has hammered oil-producing economies.  俄罗斯原本联合沙特呼吁固定产量，以缓解当前的过度供应，进而刺激油价上涨。油价暴跌已经使石油生产国的经济遭受打击。

　　Oil workers in Kuwait achieved what the negotiators in Doha could not when they went on strike for three days, which helped lift prices. 科威特的石油工人则取得了多哈谈判方未能取得的成就，他们持续罢工三日，已助推油价有所上升。

　　Underscoring the effects of cheaper oil, Saudi Arabia turned to international creditors¹⁵ for the first time since 1991, raising 10 billion in loans over five years to help cover its budget shortfall.  沙特阿拉伯自1991年起向国际债权人求助，5年内筹集了100亿美元的贷款来帮助其覆盖预算缺口，这凸现了石油价格下跌的效应。

　　A Dutch court approved Russia's application to set aside a $50 billion arbitration¹⁶ award to former shareholders¹⁷ of Yukos, a forcibly nationalised oil company.  荷兰一家法院批准了俄罗斯的申请，留出500亿美元的仲裁奖励金给尤科斯公司的前任股东们，这家公司已经被强制国有化。

　　The court ruled that the arbitration panel had lacked jurisdiction¹⁸ in the case.  该法院裁决，当时负责的仲裁小组在该案中并不具备管辖权限。

　　The dispossessed former owners plan to appeal. 被剥夺所有权的前股东们计划上诉。

1 dominant   

adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因

参考例句：

• The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
• She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。

2 licensing   

v.批准，许可，颁发执照( license的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• A large part of state regulation consists of occupational licensing. 大部分州的管理涉及行业的特许批准。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• That licensing procedures for projects would move faster. 这样的工程批准程序一定会加快。 来自辞典例句

3 browser   

n.浏览者

参考例句：

• View edits in a web browser.在浏览器中看编辑的效果。
• I think my browser has a list of shareware links.我想在浏览器中会有一系列的共享软件链接。

4 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

5 wireless   

adj.无线的；n.无线电

参考例句：

• There are a lot of wireless links in a radio.收音机里有许多无线电线路。
• Wireless messages tell us that the ship was sinking.无线电报告知我们那艘船正在下沉。

6 investor   

n.投资者，投资人

参考例句：

• My nephew is a cautious investor.我侄子是个小心谨慎的投资者。
• The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。

7 humbling   

adj.令人羞辱的v.使谦恭( humble的现在分词 )；轻松打败（尤指强大的对手）；低声下气

参考例句：

• A certain humbling from time to time is good. 不时受点儿屈辱是有好处的。 来自辞典例句
• It has been said that astronomy is a humbling and character-buildingexperience. 据说天文学是一种令人产生自卑、塑造人格的科学。 来自互联网

8 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

9 workforce   

n.劳动大军，劳动力

参考例句：

• A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
• A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。

10 mooted   

adj.未决定的，有争议的，有疑问的v.提出…供讨论( moot的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The is sue was mooted on the Senate floor. 该问题在参院被提出讨论。 来自辞典例句
• The question mooted in the board meeting is still a moot point. 那个在董事会上（提出讨论）的问题仍（未决的）。 来自互联网

11 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

12 collapsed   

adj.倒塌的

参考例句：

• Jack collapsed in agony on the floor. 杰克十分痛苦地瘫倒在地板上。
• The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。

13 regained   

复得( regain的过去式和过去分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地

参考例句：

• The majority of the people in the world have regained their liberty. 世界上大多数人已重获自由。
• She hesitated briefly but quickly regained her poise. 她犹豫片刻，但很快恢复了镇静。

14 glut   

n.存货过多，供过于求；v.狼吞虎咽

参考例句：

• The glut of coffee led to a sharp drop in prices.咖啡供过于求道致价格急剧下跌。
• There's a glut of agricultural products in Western Europe.西欧的农产品供过于求。

15 creditors   

n.债权人，债主( creditor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They agreed to repay their creditors over a period of three years. 他们同意3年内向债主还清欠款。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Creditors could obtain a writ for the arrest of their debtors. 债权人可以获得逮捕债务人的令状。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 arbitration   

n.调停，仲裁

参考例句：

• The wage disagreement is under arbitration.工资纠纷正在仲裁中。
• Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding.双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。

17 shareholders   

n.股东( shareholder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders. 90%的股东出席了会议。
• the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders 公司对股东负有的受托责任

18 jurisdiction   

n.司法权，审判权，管辖权，控制权

参考例句：

• It doesn't lie within my jurisdiction to set you free.我无权将你释放。
• Changzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.常州隶属江苏省。