纪录片《文明》 第177期 进步崇拜（9）

Throughout the 19th century,art in many forms was changed by the spreading European cult¹ of progress.

纵观整个十九世纪，各种形式的艺术都被欧洲进步的狂热大潮所改变。

Not only on the furthest edges of Empire...

这种改变不止是在帝国偏远的地方

But also in the capitals of Europe.

也在欧洲国家的首都发生着

Here too, artists were being challenged by rapid social change and by the emergence² of new technology.

在这里 因为社会的剧变和新科技的出现 画家们正面临挑战

Like Lindauer's portraits,it would transform the way human beings perceived themselves.

正如林道尔的肖像画 这些新事物会改变人们的自我认知

The age of the camera and the age of the photograph began on the day Louis-Jacques Daguerre made an image using his new daguerreotype³ process of a Parisian street.

相机和照片的时代开始于路易·雅克·达盖尔用他新发明的银版摄影法拍摄出一张巴黎街头照的那一天

Now, the exposure time for those early primitive⁴ cameras was ten minutes,

那些早期的原始相机曝光时间是十分钟

far too slow to capture images of the people and the horses and carriages rushing up and down the street.

对捕捉人像 奔马和在街上穿梭的马车来说，十分钟的曝光时间太久了

But one man who stayed still long enough to have his shoes shined became, as far as we know,

但据我们所知 一位静止不动很久 在街上抛光鞋的人

the first person ever to appear in a photograph.

成为了照片里出现的第一个人像

What this picture doesn't reveal is the disastrous⁵ effects of rapid industrialisation on the city -the overcrowding, dirt and disease.

这张照片没有揭示出来的是城市的急速工业化 所带来的灾难性影响 过度拥挤 脏乱和疾病

But thanks to an ambitious urban planner called Eugene Haussmann,

但归功于欧仁·奥斯曼 这位雄心勃勃的

Paris was about to be transformed out of all recognition -and the evolving art of photography would be there to capture it.

城市规划师 巴黎彻底改头换面了 不断发展的摄影艺术记录下了这些

From the 1850s, Charles Marville photographed the city's narrow medieval streets,

从十九世纪五十年代起 查尔斯·马维尔拍下了城市中狭窄的中世纪街道

just as they and the communities who lived in them were being swept away.

就在这些街道和在这里扎根的社区被一扫而光的时候

They were replaced by Haussmann's grand, spacious⁶ boulevards and lined with uniform terraced apartments.

它们被奥斯曼设计的宽阔林荫大道取代道旁林立着整齐的联排公寓楼

The reborn city was Europe's acknowledged capital of culture and it was the genius of another pioneer photographer,

这座脱胎换骨的城市是欧洲公认的文化之都 另一位摄影界先驱

known simply as Nadar,to capture the celebrated⁷ figures of Parisian high society.

纳达尔运用他的摄影天赋记录下了巴黎上流社会的名流们

These were the world's first great portrait photographs,each one documented with a realism no painter could ever achieve.

这些是世界上首批很棒的人物写真 每张照片都非常写实 这是画家所无法企及的

1 cult   

n.异教，邪教；时尚，狂热的崇拜

参考例句：

• Her books aren't bestsellers,but they have a certain cult following.她的书算不上畅销书，但有一定的崇拜者。
• The cult of sun worship is probably the most primitive one.太阳崇拜仪式或许是最为原始的一种。

2 emergence   

n.浮现，显现，出现，（植物）突出体

参考例句：

• The last decade saw the emergence of a dynamic economy.最近10年见证了经济增长的姿态。
• Language emerges and develops with the emergence and development of society.语言是随着社会的产生而产生，随着社会的发展而发展的。

3 daguerreotype   

n.银板照相

参考例句：

• The inventor of the daguerreotype is a French artist.银版照相的发明者是位法国艺术家。
• The image was taken by louis daguerre who invented the daguerreotype-one of the earliest methods of photography.这张照片是由路易斯达盖尔拍摄，他发明了银版照相法-摄影的最早方法之一。

4 primitive   

adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物

参考例句：

• It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger.逃离危险的地方是一种原始本能。
• His book describes the march of the civilization of a primitive society.他的著作描述了一个原始社会的开化过程。

5 disastrous   

adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的

参考例句：

• The heavy rainstorm caused a disastrous flood.暴雨成灾。
• Her investment had disastrous consequences.She lost everything she owned.她的投资结果很惨，血本无归。

6 spacious   

adj.广阔的，宽敞的

参考例句：

• Our yard is spacious enough for a swimming pool.我们的院子很宽敞，足够建一座游泳池。
• The room is bright and spacious.这房间很豁亮。

7 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。