英语口语大赢家Topic216:发展差异 Development Gap

中国发展的快速步伐正迅猛地改变着中国社会。这导致了许多人所说的发展差异。

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The development of China has been a fast paced phenomenon that is rapidly changing the society. This has led to what many are calling the development gap¹, where some are able to share in the new lifestyles and others are not. This is especially true of the countryside, where living conditions are in many ways carried out in the same circumstances as they were in their fathers' time. People still use old agricultural techniques as scientific agriculture is costly² and even unknown. Although the government has taken steps to fix this problem, it remains³ a difficulty as country dwellers⁴ are the majority of the population in China. This only heightens⁵ the differences between urban and country dwellers. Reinforcement is added when those in the city view the habits of their country counterparts⁶. The education gap is noticeable⁷ as is the hygiene⁸ difference which urban dwellers are quick to point out. Because of the income differential, workers are coming to the cities in ever increasing numbers. There, they have few skills and little education so many end up in city construction jobs or doing the non-ideal jobs for others in business. Reeducation and training are needed in both the country and the city so that those who have been left behind might catch up.

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中国发展的快速步伐正迅猛地改变着中国社会。这导致了许多人所说的发展差异。一些人能够适应新的生活方式，另一些人却不能。这种现象在中国农村尤为明显，当地人的生活状况在很多方面都与他们的父辈如出一辙。人们还在使用原始的农耕技术，因为高科技农业的成本高昂，甚至不被人所知。尽管政府已经采取措施解决这一问题，但因为农村居民占中国人口总数的绝大部分，所以这仍然是个难题。这只会加大城乡居民生活的差距。当那些城市居民看到农村居民的生活习性时，这种差距便更加被加强了。教育差距也很显著，同样显著的还有卫生差距。这一点城市居民很快就能指出。由于收入的差距，涌入城市的工人数量不断增加。他们没有什么技术，接受的教育也很少，因此很多人最后只能在城市里作建筑工人，或给其它做生意的人做不太理想的工作。农村和城市都需要再教育和培训，这样那些已经落后的人才有可能赶上来。

Grammar 语法小结
现在完成时

现在完成时和一般过去时的区别在于以下几点：

1．现在完成时和一般过去时谈的都是已发生的事，区别就在于现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关系，或是对现在有影响；而一般过去时单纯谈过去的事情，与现在没有关联。一般情况下，只要有明确的过去时间状语，就可用一般过去时

She has written some short stories. 她写了一些短篇小说。

She wrote some short stories yesterday. 她昨天写了一些短篇小说。

I've learnt a lot from you, so thank you very much.

我向你学到了很多东西，因此很感谢你。

I learnt a lot there. 我在那里学到很多东西。

2.现在完成时的基本构成是have/has +过去分词，而一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式

I have seen that film. 我看过那部电影了。

I saw that film last night. 我昨天晚上看了那部电影。

3.现在完成时常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since…, for…等表示一段时间的时间状语连用，而一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now等

I haven't seen him these days. 我这些天没见到他。

I didn't see him yesterday. 我昨天没见到他。

家庭总动员 Do it together
找出下面句子中的语法错误并改正。

1. I have watched the movie last night.

2. He has gone there yesterday.

3. Until now, he stayed here for 3 days.

4. I was busy these days.

5. He has bought the TV set for two years.

1. 去掉have

2. has gone- went

3. stayed- has been

4. was- have been

5. has bought- has had

 

1 gap   

n.缺口；间隔；差距；不足，缺陷

参考例句：

• We must see that there is no gap in our defence.我们必须确保我们的防御没有漏洞。
• There is a gap of five miles between towns.镇与镇之间相隔五英里。

2 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

3 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

4 dwellers   

n.居民，居住者( dweller的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes. 城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They have transformed themselves into permanent city dwellers. 他们已成为永久的城市居民。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 heightens   

（使）变高， （使）增大( heighten的第三人称单数 )； （使）提高； （使）加强[重]

参考例句：

• This only heightens our admiration. 这只能使我们更加敬佩。
• The automation line heightens the effect. 自动线能提高效率。

6 counterparts   

与对方地位相当的人，与另一方作用相当的物( counterpart的名词复数 )； 同仁

参考例句：

• Deep-sea valleys are the counterparts of the mountain chains. 深海里的峡谷相当于陆地上的山脉。
• Many states have enacted their own counterparts to RCRA and CERCLA. 许多州都已经针对《资源保护和恢复法》和《综合性环境反应、赔偿与责任法案》制定了他们各自的实施细则。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

7 noticeable   

adj.显而易见的；值得注意的

参考例句：

• The effect of the medicine is not yet noticeable. 药的效果还不显。
• There's been a noticeable improvement in his handwriting.他的书法有了明显的进步。

8 hygiene   

n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic）

参考例句：

• Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
• He's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。