新概念英语第三册lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza

Lesson 21:Daniel Mendoza 丹尼尔.门多萨
         
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
How many unsuccessful attempts did Mendoza make before becoming Champion of all England?

    Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers² fought with bare fists for prize money. Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'. However, boxing was very crude, for these were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
    One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules. Though he was technically³ a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. In this day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
    Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent⁴ boxer¹ in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appear one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appearance. Despite this, he was so extravagant⁵ that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.

New words and expressions 生词和短语

     Boxing
n.   拳击

     boxer
n.   拳击手

     bare
adj. 赤裸的

     prizefighter
n.   职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）

     crude
adj. 粗野的

     marquis
n.   侯爵

     technically
adv. 严格根据法律意义地

     science
n.   科学

     popularity
n.   名望

     adore
v.   崇拜，爱戴

     alike
adv. 一样地

     fame
n.   名声

     eminent
adj. 著名的，杰出的

     bitterly
adv. 厉害地

     bet
v.   打赌

     academy
n.   专业学校

     extravagant
adj. 浪费的，奢移的

     poverty
n.   贫困

参考译文
    两百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗。因此，他们被称作“职业拳击手”。不过，拳击是十分野蛮的，因为当时没有任何比赛规则，职业拳击手有可能在比赛中受重伤，甚至丧命。
    拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔.门多萨，他生于1764年。1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。虽然门多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳击手，但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。门多萨在的全盛时期深受大家欢迎，无论是富人还是穷人都对他祟拜备至。
     门多萨在14岁时参加一场拳击赛后一举成名。这引起当时英国拳坛名将理查德.汉弗莱斯的注意。他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会。事实上，门多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场，厮打了一个小时。公众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上，但他却输了。后来，门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上较量，门多萨又输了一场。直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才终于击败汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。同时，他建立了一所拳击学校，办得很成功，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。门多萨挣来大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就多可达100英镑。尽管收入不少，但他挥霍无度，经常债台高筑。他在被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败后很快被遗忘。他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最后于1836年在贫困中死去。

 

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　　自学导读
Notes on the text
　　课文注释
1  they were known as ‘prizefighters’，他们被称作“职业拳击手”。 be known as…，被称作……。
2  until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules中，以when引导的从句是定语从句，修饰前面的年代 1860年。draw up是“制定”、“草拟”的意思。a set of，一套。 Marquis of Queensberry，昆斯伯里侯爵，是指第8位昆斯伯里侯爵约翰·修托·道格拉斯（1844—1900），苏格兰贵族。他制定的“昆斯伯里规则”至今仍是拳击的比赛规则。
3  change…into…，把……变成……，bring…to…，把……引进……。
4  in his day，在他的全盛时期。
day此处指“幸运或顺利的时期”。
5  He was adored by rich and poor alike. 人们不论贫富都很崇拜他。
rich and poor是固定词组，意为富人和穷人。有的形容词可用作名词，但前面要加the。
6  rise to fame，成名。
7  Humphries turned against him，汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。
8  at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour中，以where引导的从句作Stilton的定语。
9  bet on…，在……上押（赌金）。
10  It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries…这是一个it的强调句。被强调的部分not until his third match in 1790放在It was之后，句子的其他部分放在引导词that之后。
11  be in debt，负债。

　　Multiple choice questions
多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1  Richard Humphries offered to train Mendoza because ______ .
a．he wanted to learn the techniques that Mendoza had introduced to boxing
b．for one so young, Mendoza had displayed an unusual grasp of the game
c．he had attended the boxing match which led to Mendoza's early fame
d．he was anxious to establish himself as a superior boxer to Mendoza
2  At the match between Humphries and Mendoza at Stilton ______ .
a．Mendoza lost a great deal of money to the public
b．after an hour's fighting Humphries became champion of England
c．Mendoza lost twice to Humphries
d．the argument between the two men was settled in favour of Humphries
3  Apart from the money he earned at matches, Mendoza ______ .
a．earned a lot from the Academy which he founded after becoming Champion
b．earned so much money that he became a rich man
c．greatly supplemented his income by teaching the art of boxing
d．was given enormous sums by Lord Byron
Structure 结构
4  In those days, ______ ‘prizefighters’ because they fought with bare fists for prize money. (11. 2-3)
a．they called boxers
b．boxers called
c．boxers being called
d．they were called boxers
5  A prizefighter could suffer a serious injury or ______ during a … (11. 4-5)
a．even be killed
b．be even killed
c．even killed
d．was even killed
6  Mendoza ______ boxing into a sport. (11. 8-9)
a．was much changed by
b．did a great deal to change
c．changed a great deal of
d．much changed
7  He was so extravagant that he ______ people money. (1. 20)
a．always owed to
b．always owed
c．owed always
d．was always owing to
Vocabulary
词汇
8  One of the most ______ in boxing history was …(11. 6-7)
a．vivid personalities⁶
b．famous people
c．painted images
d．imaginative characters
9  ---- after a boxing match at the ______ young age of fourteen. (1. 11)
a．marvellously
b．singly
c．exceptionally
d．unequally
10  Mendoza's ______ to fame was noted⁷ by Richard Humphries. (11. 11-12)
a．rise
b．rose
c．raise
d．claim
11  Humphries soon became ______ Mendoza's success. (11. 13-14)
a．jealous of
b．disinterested⁸ in
c．revolted by
d．changed by
12  Mendoza finally ______ Humphries and became Champion of England. (11. 17-18)
a．conquered
b．gained
c．won
d．beat

　　New words and expressions】 生词和短语
　　★Boxing
n.   拳击
★boxer
n.   拳击手
★bare
adj. 赤裸的
uncovered
bare fist
bare foot
bare handed
bare legged
nakes: 全裸
He's walking in bare feet.
He is naked.
nude⁹: 光秃秃的
★prizefighter
n.   职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）
★crude
adj. 粗野的
be crude to somebody
He is crude to the girl
rude
★marquis
n.   侯爵
★technically
adv. 严格根据法律意义地
★science
n.   科学
★popularity
n.   名望
Instant foods are getting in popularity.
popular songs are in popularity.
popular with
fame reputation--声誉
★adore
v.   崇拜，爱戴
★alike
adv. 一样地
He was adored by rich and poor alike.
★fame
n.   名声
★eminent
adj. 著名的，杰出的
eminent scientist
distinguished¹⁰
★bitterly
adv. 厉害地
It is blowing bitterly.
bitter: 苦的，辛酸的，刺骨的
★bet
v.   打赌
bet on something
bet somebody that
bet one's bottom dollar on somebody
bet on the wrong horse
I bet   You bet.
★academy
n.   专业学校
★extravagant
adj. 浪费的，奢移的
extravagant habit
thrifty¹¹ frugal¹² economical
★poverty
n.   贫困
in poverty
indigence¹³
destitution¹⁴
penury¹⁵

　　【课文讲解】
in popularity
fought with bare fists: 赤手空拳的打斗
one of the most famous people
introduce: bring in
Potatos were introduced into Europe from South America.
drew up: 制定、起草
in his full time     in his good day
rise to fame=become famous
attract somebody's attention    attract the attention of somebody
turn against
severely¹⁶
It is/was not until
as much as: 多达
in debt: 欠债

　　【Multiple choice questions】
1...b...
2...d...
3...c... apart from: 除什么之外还有
4...a...
5...a...
6...b...
7...b... owe money to people
8...b...  personality:个性＝character  image:偶像
9...c...
exceptionally->unusually: 不同寻常的
marvellously=wonderfully:奇妙的，奇异的
singly: 单独的
unequally:独一无二的
an exceptionally beautiful girl
10...a...
名词形式，名词所有格，rise:vi.&n.
11...a...
12...d...
beat=defeat
conquer:征服
gain:赢得，获得
win: 赢得（比赛）

1 boxer   

n.制箱者，拳击手

参考例句：

• The boxer gave his opponent a punch on the nose.这个拳击手朝他对手的鼻子上猛击一拳。
• He moved lightly on his toes like a boxer.他像拳击手一样踮着脚轻盈移动。

2 boxers   

n.拳击短裤；（尤指职业）拳击手( boxer的名词复数 )；拳师狗

参考例句：

• The boxers were goaded on by the shrieking crowd. 拳击运动员听见观众的喊叫就来劲儿了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The boxers slugged it out to the finish. 两名拳击手最后决出了胜负。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 technically   

adv.专门地，技术上地

参考例句：

• Technically it is the most advanced equipment ever.从技术上说，这是最先进的设备。
• The tomato is technically a fruit,although it is eaten as a vegetable.严格地说，西红柿是一种水果，尽管它是当作蔬菜吃的。

4 eminent   

adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的

参考例句：

• We are expecting the arrival of an eminent scientist.我们正期待一位著名科学家的来访。
• He is an eminent citizen of China.他是一个杰出的中国公民。

5 extravagant   

adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的

参考例句：

• They tried to please him with fulsome compliments and extravagant gifts.他们想用溢美之词和奢华的礼品来取悦他。
• He is extravagant in behaviour.他行为放肆。

6 personalities   

n. 诽谤，（对某人容貌、性格等所进行的）人身攻击； 人身攻击；人格, 个性, 名人( personality的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There seemed to be a degree of personalities in her remarks.她话里有些人身攻击的成分。
• Personalities are not in good taste in general conversation.在一般的谈话中诽谤他人是不高尚的。

7 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

8 disinterested   

adj.不关心的，不感兴趣的

参考例句：

• He is impartial and disinterested.他公正无私。
• He's always on the make,I have never known him do a disinterested action.他这个人一贯都是唯利是图，我从来不知道他有什么无私的行动。

9 nude   

adj.裸体的；n.裸体者，裸体艺术品

参考例句：

• It's a painting of the Duchess of Alba in the nude.这是一幅阿尔巴公爵夫人的裸体肖像画。
• She doesn't like nude swimming.她不喜欢裸泳。

10 distinguished   

adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的

参考例句：

• Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.大象以其长长的鼻子显示出与其他动物的不同。
• A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests.宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。

11 thrifty   

adj.节俭的；兴旺的；健壮的

参考例句：

• Except for smoking and drinking,he is a thrifty man.除了抽烟、喝酒，他是个生活节俭的人。
• She was a thrifty woman and managed to put aside some money every month.她是个很会持家的妇女，每月都设法存些钱。

12 frugal   

adj.节俭的，节约的，少量的，微量的

参考例句：

• He was a VIP,but he had a frugal life.他是位要人，但生活俭朴。
• The old woman is frugal to the extreme.那老妇人节约到了极点。

13 indigence   

n.贫穷

参考例句：

• His present indigence is a sufficient punishment for former folly.他现在所受的困苦足够惩罚他从前的胡作非为了。
• North korea's indigence is almost as scary as its belligerence.朝鲜的贫乏几乎和其好战一样可怕。

14 destitution   

n.穷困，缺乏，贫穷

参考例句：

• The people lived in destitution. 民生凋敝。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• His drinking led him to a life of destitution. 酗酒导致他生活贫穷。 来自辞典例句

15 penury   

n.贫穷，拮据

参考例句：

• Hardship and penury wore him out before his time.受穷受苦使他未老先衰。
• A succession of bad harvest had reduced the small farmer to penury.连续歉收使得这个小农场主陷入了贫困境地。

16 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。