PBS高端访谈:南苏丹内战引发了非洲最严重的难民危机

 　　Civil war is emptying huge swaths of South Sudan. The violence has uprooted¹ four million people, including two million who've fled to neighboring countries.

　　In the last year, more than a million South Sudanese have poured into northern Uganda alone,

　　crossing makeshift bridges like this one to flee fighting, hunger, and brutal² attacks on civilians³.

　　They started fighting very, very severely⁴. So that made us to escape with our properties to this side.

　　When Seme Lupai's family went to one of the refugee camps, initially⁵, he stayed behind to look after the family's most precious commodity -- their cattle.

　　He hid for a year to escape the violence. The refugees carry whatever they can salvage⁶ -- mattresses⁷, pots, clothes, notebooks -- remnants of once peaceful lives turned upside down.

　　At checkpoints, Ugandan soldiers search their belongings⁸ for weapons, before the refugees proceed to reception centers.

　　After entering Uganda, the refugees sign in at small waystations.

　　For many, it's the first night spent in safety after walking for days to escape fighting. Levi Arike fled with his wife and four children.

　　When the gunshots started, we laid under a tree with the whole family, because there was nowhere else to hide.

　　We waited for the fighting to stop, and then we got up and started walking to Uganda.

　　Uganda now shoulders most of the burden of Africa's biggest refugee crisis, managing a constellation⁹ of camps which require food, water, healthcare, and policing.

　　At Imvepi Camp, now home to more than 120,000 South Sudanese, new arrivals receive vaccinations¹⁰, hot meals, and basic items such as soap and plastic tarps to build a house.

　　The government also gives each refugee family a small plot of land, about a twentieth of an acre,

　　where they can build a tent shelter and grow crops to eat or sell. But the land often proves too rocky for farming.

　　After completing the registration¹¹ process, the new arrivals will receive their plot, to start a new life as refugees in Uganda.

　　While they are safe here, there are many challenges ahead, not least processing the trauma¹² of what they experienced back home.

　　This woman, who we'll call "Agnes," agreed to tell us about her harrowing experience.

　　She says four government soldiers from President Salva Kiir's Dinka tribe stopped her as she was fleeing South Sudan and raped¹⁴ her right in front of her family.

　　When they started raping¹⁵ me, they told me not to raise alarm, otherwise they would shoot me. Still when I'm sleeping, I'm dreaming of the Dinka, that they are coming to rape¹³ me again.

　　How often do you have those dreams?

　　Daily, every time I lie down, those dreams come.

　　A recent Human Rights Watch report on South Sudan found "…a clear pattern of government forces unlawfully targeting civilians for killings¹⁶, rapes¹⁷, torture…and destruction of property.."

　　The victims are from ethnic¹⁸ groups suspected to support the rebels.

　　They are doing it, because they know very well that those soldiers are our brothers. So they do it to punish them..

　　Although the rebels, known as the Sudan People's Liberation Army In Opposition¹⁹, purport²⁰ to protect local communities, there are also reports of their fighters assaulting civilians near the Ugandan border.

　　Josephine Yanya told us she didn't feel safe in the presence of either side's soldiers. Her family and neighbors fled their village after government soldiers killed her uncle.

　　They hid in the mountains only to find themselves under attack again, this time by opposition fighters from the Nuer tribe loyal to former vice²¹ president Riek Machar.

　　Yanya says ethnic Nuer soldiers from the SPLA-IO rebel group raped a member of her group and stole her father's' cattle.

　　Before we were thinking that the rebels would protect us, but if they are lacking food, they just come and take things by force.

　　With nowhere left to hide, Yanya fled to Uganda with her son.

　　But instead of finding a place to rebuild their lives, they are in limbo²². And aid groups don't have enough food to distribute.

　　We are getting small food rations²³. I know it won't be enough even for one month.

　　According to the United Nations, the international community has given less than a-third of the $1.4 billion dollars needed for the refugee response in South Sudan's neighboring countries.

　　These refugees foresee more hardship and have no idea when they might return home.

　　I'm always praying for peace in South Sudan, and until then, I'll just stay here. undefined

1 uprooted   

v.把（某物）连根拔起( uproot的过去式和过去分词 )；根除；赶走；把…赶出家园

参考例句：

• Many people were uprooted from their homes by the flood. 水灾令许多人背井离乡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The hurricane blew with such force that trees were uprooted. 飓风强烈地刮着，树都被连根拔起了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

3 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

4 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

5 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

6 salvage   

v.救助，营救，援救；n.救助，营救

参考例句：

• All attempts to salvage the wrecked ship failed.抢救失事船只的一切努力都失败了。
• The salvage was piled upon the pier.抢救出的财产被堆放在码头上。

7 mattresses   

褥垫，床垫( mattress的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The straw mattresses are airing there. 草垫子正在那里晾着。
• The researchers tested more than 20 mattresses of various materials. 研究人员试验了二十多个不同材料的床垫。

8 belongings   

n.私人物品，私人财物

参考例句：

• I put a few personal belongings in a bag.我把几件私人物品装进包中。
• Your personal belongings are not dutiable.个人物品不用纳税。

9 constellation   

n.星座n.灿烂的一群

参考例句：

• A constellation is a pattern of stars as seen from the earth. 一个星座只是从地球上看到的某些恒星的一种样子。
• The Big Dipper is not by itself a constellation. 北斗七星本身不是一个星座。

10 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 registration   

n.登记，注册，挂号

参考例句：

• Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
• What's your registration number?你挂的是几号？

12 trauma   

n.外伤，精神创伤

参考例句：

• Counselling is helping him work through this trauma.心理辅导正帮助他面对痛苦。
• The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.恐惧症可能源于童年时期的创伤。

13 rape   

n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸

参考例句：

• The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
• He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。

14 raped   

v.以暴力夺取，强夺( rape的过去式和过去分词 )；强奸

参考例句：

• A young woman was brutally raped in her own home. 一名年轻女子在自己家中惨遭强暴。 来自辞典例句
• We got stick together, or we will be having our women raped. 我们得团结一致，不然我们的妻女就会遭到蹂躏。 来自辞典例句

15 raping   

v.以暴力夺取，强夺( rape的现在分词 )；强奸

参考例句：

• In response, Charles VI sent a punitive expedition to Brittany, raping and killing the populace. 作为报复，查理六世派军讨伐布列塔尼，奸淫杀戮平民。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The conquerors marched on, burning, killing, raping and plundering as they went. 征服者所到之处烧杀奸掠，无所不做。 来自互联网

16 killings   

谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发

参考例句：

• His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。

17 rapes   

n.芸苔( rape的名词复数 )；强奸罪；强奸案；肆意损坏v.以暴力夺取，强夺( rape的第三人称单数 )；强奸

参考例句：

• The man who had committed several rapes was arrested. 那个犯了多起强奸案的男人被抓起来了。 来自辞典例句
• The incidence of reported rapes rose 0.8 percent. 美国联邦调查局还发布了两份特别报告。 来自互联网

18 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

19 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

20 purport   

n.意义，要旨，大要；v.意味著，做为...要旨，要领是...

参考例句：

• Many theories purport to explain growth in terms of a single cause.许多理论都标榜以单一的原因解释生长。
• Her letter may purport her forthcoming arrival.她的来信可能意味着她快要到了。

21 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

22 limbo   

n.地狱的边缘；监狱

参考例句：

• His life seemed stuck in limbo and he could not go forward and he could not go back.他的生活好像陷入了不知所措的境地，进退两难。
• I didn't know whether my family was alive or dead.I felt as if I was in limbo.我不知道家人是生是死，感觉自己茫然无措。

23 rations   

定量( ration的名词复数 )； 配给量； 正常量； 合理的量

参考例句：

• They are provisioned with seven days' rations. 他们得到了7天的给养。
• The soldiers complained that they were getting short rations. 士兵们抱怨他们得到的配给不够数。