PBS高端访谈:智能手机和司法部门的斗争

JUDY WOODRUFF: Those of us who use smartphones find they have become central to our lives, and they contain an enormous amount of our personal information. They're also at the heart of an escalating¹ fight between the U.S. Department of Justice and Apple. William Brangham explores this latest battle over privacy and security.

WILLIAM BARR, U.S. Attorney General: This was an act of terrorism.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: On December 6, a gunman opened fire at a Naval² air station in Pensacola, Florida, killing³ three sailors and wounding eight others. After a 15-minute shoot-out with security officers, the gunman, who was carrying two Apple iPhones, was killed, but not before he tried to destroy the phones.Attorney General William Barr: 

WILLIAM BARR: The shooter disengaged long enough to place one of his phones on the floor and shoot a single round into the device. It also appears the other phone was damaged.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Now those phones are at the center of a standoff between the Department of Justice and Apple. Barr asserts investigators⁴ need access to the phones to determine if the killer⁵ collaborated⁶ with anyone and to determine if there are any planned future attacks.

WILLIAM BARR: Thank you very much.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Barr didn't cite any evidence of other collaborators. But the killer's iPhones are locked. And, six years ago, Apple stopped helping⁷ the government unlock its devices, and it also beefed up the phones' security systems. Apple argues data privacy is a paramount⁸ issue, saying "Americans do not have to choose between weakening encryption and solving investigations⁹". Apple says it's turned over a significant amount of data from the shooter's phones. But the government argues there may be more on the devices themselves.

MAN: You can see officers with long guns here.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: This all echoes a debate from 2015. After a gunman and his wife went on a rampage in San Bernardino, California, killing 14, Apple defied a court order to unlock an iPhone belonging to one of the shooters.

JAMES COMEY, Former FBI Director: We still have one of those killers¹⁰' phones that we have not been able to open. And it's been over two months now. We're still working on it.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Back in 2014, Apple made it so that an iPhone could only be opened with the device's personal password, which is set by the owner. Even Apple can't break the code. In the San Bernardino case, the FBI paid an undisclosed third party reportedly more than $1 million to crack the phone open. Experts say the FBI might try this method again now with the Pensacola case. Last month, the Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing exploring the key issues at stake. Erik Neuenschwander, director of user privacy at Apple, argued that creating a backdoor into their devices would open Pandora's box.

ERIK NEUENSCHWANDER, Director of Privacy, Apple: Encryption is the underlying¹¹ technology providing information security in all modern systems. We do not know of a way to deploy¹² encryption that provides access only for the good guys, without making it easier for the bad guys to break in.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: New York City's district attorney, Cyrus Vance, testified that law enforcement needs to have occasional legal access to a suspect's phone.

CYRUS VANCE, Manhattan District Attorney: The single most important criminal justice challenge in the last 10 years is, in my opinion, is the expanded use of mobile devices by bad actors to plan, to execute, and to communicate about crimes. Allowing private companies in Silicon¹³ Valley to continue to insert themselves as the unregulated gatekeepers of critical evidence is dangerous, it's bad public policy.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Law enforcement is urging Congress to act to provide a legislative¹⁴ solution to this conflict. They're citing Pensacola as an urgent example of the need for the law to keep up with rapid changes in technology. But there's no movement yet to get it to the president's desk. For the PBS NewsHour, I'm William Brangham.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：用智能手机的人会发现智能手机已经成为生活的核心，而且里面有大量个人信息。智能手机也成了美国司法部和苹果公司冲突升级的核心点。这件事事关隐私和安全。下面请听威廉·布朗汉姆发回的报道。

威廉·巴尔，美国司法部长：这是一种恐怖主义行为。

威廉·布朗汉姆：12月6日，一名枪手向佛罗里达州彭萨科拉的海军航空站开火，导致3名水手死亡，8人受伤。在跟安全人员开火15分钟后，这名携带2部手机的枪手被击毙，但在死前，他毁掉了这2部手机。

司法部长威廉·巴尔：该枪手有足够的时间将一部手机放在地面上并将手机用枪打穿了一个孔。而且似乎另一部手机也受到了损害。

威廉·巴尔：现在，这2部手机是司法部和苹果公司僵局的核心。巴尔坚持认为调查人员需要能够获取到手机，从而断定这名枪手是否有同谋以及未来是否有其他计划中的袭击。

威廉·巴尔：非常感谢。

威廉·布朗汉姆：巴尔没有引用其他同谋的证据。但这名枪手的手机是锁住的状态。而且，6年前，苹果不再帮助美国政府解锁苹果设备了，而且苹果还加强了自己的安全系统。苹果认为，数据隐私是最重要的事情，还说“美国民众不必面临加密弱化和调查案件之间做两难抉择。”苹果公司表示其已从该枪手手机上获取了大量数据。但美国政府认为，设备上可能有更多的证据。

男：你可以看到持长枪的工作人员。

威廉·布朗汉姆：这都应了2015年的一次辩论。当年，一名枪手及其妻子疯了一般在加州圣贝纳迪诺杀害了14人。苹果拒绝法庭的一项命令，该命令是让苹果解锁其中一名枪手的iPhone。

詹姆斯·科米，前联邦调查局（FBI）局长：我们现在依然有一些枪手的手机还没解锁。现在已经2个多月了，我们还在研究手机的问题。

威廉·布朗汉姆：2014年的时候，苹果公司把苹果手机设计成了只能用个人密码才能打开，而个人密码是手机主人设置的。即便是苹果公司也打不开这个密码。就圣贝纳迪诺的这个案子来说，据报道，FBI给某身份不明的第三方支付了100多万美元来打开这部手机。一些专家表示，FBI可能会在彭萨科拉的案子再次尝试这个方法。上个月，参议院司法委员会举办了一场听证会，研究关键问题。苹果的用户隐私负责人埃里克·纽恩斯万德，表示，如果为设备开后门，就会如同打开潘多拉魔盒一样。

埃里克·纽恩斯万德，苹果用户隐私负责人：加密是所有当代系统的底层技术，可提供信息安全。我们不知道有什么方法可以在部署加密的同时为好人敞开大门并将坏人屏蔽在外。

威廉·布朗汉姆：纽约市地方检察官赛勒斯·万斯提供证词说，执法部分需要偶尔能以合法方式获取嫌疑人的手机。

赛勒斯·万斯，曼哈顿区地方检察官：在我看来，过去10年间最重要的刑事司法挑战是移动设备越来越为坏人所使用并放入计划中，用来沟通犯罪的事情。允许硅谷的私企继续以不受监管的看门人身份保管关键证据，这样很危险，这是很坏的公共政策。

威廉·布朗汉姆：执法人员正在敦促国会采取行动，为这场冲突提供合法的解决方案。他们以彭萨科拉为紧急例子，证明法律需要跟上科技的快速发展。但目前还没有将此事推向总统面前。感谢收听威廉·布朗汉姆发回的《新闻一小时》。

1 escalating   

v.（使）逐步升级( escalate的现在分词 )；（使）逐步扩大；（使）更高；（使）更大

参考例句：

• The cost of living is escalating. 生活费用在迅速上涨。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The cost of living is escalating in the country. 这个国家的生活费用在上涨。 来自辞典例句

2 naval   

adj.海军的，军舰的，船的

参考例句：

• He took part in a great naval battle.他参加了一次大海战。
• The harbour is an important naval base.该港是一个重要的海军基地。

3 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

4 investigators   

n.调查者，审查者( investigator的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• This memo could be the smoking gun that investigators have been looking for. 这份备忘录可能是调查人员一直在寻找的证据。
• The team consisted of six investigators and two secretaries. 这个团队由六个调查人员和两个秘书组成。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 killer   

n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者

参考例句：

• Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
• The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。

6 collaborated   

合作( collaborate的过去式和过去分词 )； 勾结叛国

参考例句：

• We have collaborated on many projects over the years. 这些年来我们合作搞了许多项目。
• We have collaborated closely with the university on this project. 我们与大学在这个专案上紧密合作。

7 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

8 paramount   

a.最重要的，最高权力的

参考例句：

• My paramount object is to save the Union and destroy slavery.我的最高目标是拯救美国，摧毁奴隶制度。
• Nitrogen is of paramount importance to life on earth.氮对地球上的生命至关重要。

9 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

10 killers   

凶手( killer的名词复数 )； 消灭…者； 致命物； 极难的事

参考例句：

• He remained steadfast in his determination to bring the killers to justice. 他要将杀人凶手绳之以法的决心一直没有动摇。
• They were professional killers who did in John. 杀死约翰的这些人是职业杀手。

11 underlying   

adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的

参考例句：

• The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
• This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。

12 deploy   

v.（军）散开成战斗队形，布置，展开

参考例句：

• The infantry began to deploy at dawn.步兵黎明时开始进入战斗位置。
• The president said he had no intention of deploying ground troops.总统称并不打算部署地面部队。

13 silicon   

n.硅(旧名矽)

参考例句：

• This company pioneered the use of silicon chip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
• A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp.芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。

14 legislative   

n.立法机构，立法权；adj.立法的，有立法权的

参考例句：

• Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。
• Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。