乔布斯传 第50期:热浪滚滚的时代(1)

 Machines of Loving Grace

慈爱的机器

In San Francisco and the Santa Clara Valley during the late 1960s, various cultural currents flowed together.

20世纪60年代末，各种文化潮流在旧金山和硅谷交汇。

There was the technology revolution that began with the growth of military contractors¹ and soon included electronics firms,

技术革命伴随着军事承包商的发展而兴起，并迅速扩展到电子公司、

microchip makers², video game designers, and computer companies.

微芯片制造商、视频游戏软件设计师和计算机公司。

There was a hacker³ subculture--filled with wireheads, phreakers, cyberpunks, hobbyists,

这里出现了黑客的亚文化群--云集于此的有资深玩家、电话飞客、电子朋克、业余爱好者

and just plain geeks--that included engineers who didn't conform to the HP mold and their kids who weren't attuned⁵ to the wavelengths⁶ of the subdivisions.

以及纯粹的极客--包括那些不愿遵照惠普模式行事的工程师和他们不合群的孩子们。

There were quasi-academic groups doing studies on the effects of LSD;

这里有准学术性的团体在研究迷幻药的效果，

participants included Doug Engelbart of the Augmentation Research Center in Palo Alto,

参与者包括来自帕洛奧图增强研究中心的道格·恩格尔巴特，

who later helped develop the computer mouse and graphical user interfaces⁸,

他后来参与发明了电脑鼠标以及图形用户界面；

and Ken⁹ Kesey, who celebrated¹⁰ the drug with music-and-light shows featuring a house band that became the Grateful Dead.

还有肯·凯西，他为了歌颂毒品举行了一场声光盛宴，请来了一支乐队表演，而这支乐队就是后来的“感恩而死”。

There was the hippie movement, born out of the Bay Area's beat generation,

在这里，湾区垮掉的一代发起了嬉皮士运动，

and the rebellious¹¹ political activists¹², born out of the Free Speech Movement at Berkeley.

伯克利的言论自由运动诞生了一批叛逆的政治活跃分子。

Overlaid on it all were various self-fulfillment movements pursuing paths to personal enlightenment:

在此基础上，一系列实现自我、追求心灵启迪的行为风靡一时

Zen and Hinduism, meditation¹³ and yoga, primal¹⁴ scream and sensory¹⁵ deprivation¹⁶, Esalen and est.

禅宗和印度教，冥想和瑜伽，原始尖叫和感觉剥夺，伊莎兰治疗法和电击休克治疗法。

This fusion¹⁷ of flower power and processor power, enlightenment and technology,

嬉皮士信仰与计算机力量的交融，思想与科技的结合，

was embodied¹⁸ by Steve Jobs as he meditated¹⁹ in the mornings, audited²⁰ physics classes at Stanford,

都在史蒂夫·乔布斯的身上得到了体现，他早晨冥想，然后去斯坦福旁听物理学课程，

worked nights at Atari, and dreamed of starting his own business.

晚上在雅达利工作，并梦想着能创办自己的事业。

"There was just something going on here," he said, looking back at the time and place.

“有些奇妙的事情正在这里上演”，回首彼时彼处，他说道，

"The best music came from here--the Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, Joan Baez, Janis Joplin

“最好的音乐来源于此--感恩而死、杰弗逊飞船乐队、琼·贝兹、詹尼斯·乔普林，

and so did the integrated circuit, and things like the Whole Earth Catalog."

集成电路以及《全球概览》之类的事物也在这里诞生 。”

Initially²¹ the technologists and the hippies did not interface⁷ well.

起初，技术人员和嬉皮士们并没有多少交集。

Many in the counterculture saw computers as ominous²² and Orwellian, the province of the Pentagon and the power structure.

很多反主流文化的人认为电脑是不祥的，是奥威尔式的专制统治工具，应该为五角大楼和统治阶层所独有。

In The Myth of the Machine, the historian Lewis Mumford warned that computers were sucking away our freedom and destroying "life-enhancing values."

在《机器神话》一书中，历史学家刘易斯·芒福德警告说，电脑正在一点一点吞嗤我们的自由，损害“有益人生的价值观 ”。

An injunction on punch cards of the period--"Do not fold, spindle or mutilate"--became an ironic²³ phrase of the antiwar Left.

那一时期穿孔卡片上的一条警告语--“请勿折叠、卷曲或损坏”--成为了左派反战人士的讽刺用语。

重点讲解：

1.begin with 从…开始

例句：The entry name must contain at least one non-blank character and cannot begin with a period. Choose a different name.

项目名称必须包含至少一个非空白字符，而且不能以句号开头。请选择一个不同的名称。

2.conform to 符合；遵从；适合，符合

例句：Vaccines²⁴ used for prophylactic²⁵ vaccination²⁶ shall conform to the quality standards of the State.

用于预防接种的疫苗必须符合国家质量标准。

3.attune⁴ to 使调和；习惯于

例句：And when you can, attune to the spirit of cooperation and offer a calm word or peaceful gesture to your fellow travelers.

当你能做到这些，才能与合作的精神相吻合，给你的伙伴提供冷静的语言和平静的姿态。

4.born out of 诞生

例句：They laughed at her because she was born out of wedlock²⁷.

他们嘲笑她，因为她是私生子。

5.suck away 吸走，吞掉

例句：Don't load up on huge meals that suck away all your energy for digestion²⁸ and cause you to store calories you don't need.

不要暴饮暴食，因为消化大量食物会让你筋疲力尽，并且会储存多余的能量。

1 contractors   

n.（建筑、监造中的）承包人( contractor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• We got estimates from three different contractors before accepting the lowest. 我们得到3个承包商的报价后，接受了最低的报价。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Contractors winning construction jobs had to kick back 2 per cent of the contract price to the mafia. 赢得建筑工作的承包商得抽出合同价格的百分之二的回扣给黑手党。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 hacker   

n.能盗用或偷改电脑中信息的人，电脑黑客

参考例句：

• The computer hacker wrote that he was from Russia.这个计算机黑客自称他来自俄罗斯。
• This site was attacked by a hacker last week.上周这个网站被黑客攻击了。

4 attune   

v.使调和

参考例句：

• His ear is still attune to the sound of the London suburb.他的耳朵对伦敦郊区的语音仍然一听就能辨别。
• Our ears are becoming attuned to the noise of the new factory nearby.我们的耳朵逐渐适应了附近新工厂的噪声。

5 attuned   

v.使协调( attune的过去式和过去分词 )；调音

参考例句：

• She wasn't yet attuned to her baby's needs. 她还没有熟悉她宝宝的需要。
• Women attuned to sensitive men found Vincent Lord attractive. 偏爱敏感男子的女人，觉得文森特·洛德具有魅力。 来自辞典例句

6 wavelengths   

n.波长( wavelength的名词复数 )；具有相同的/不同的思路；合拍；不合拍

参考例句：

• I find him difficult to talk to—we're on completely different wavelengths. 我没法和他谈话，因为我们俩完全不对路。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Sunlight consists of different wavelengths of radiation. 阳光由几种不同波长的射线组成。 来自辞典例句

7 interface   

n.接合部位，分界面；v.(使)互相联系

参考例句：

• My computer has a network interface,which allows me to get to other computers.我的计算机有网络接口可以与其它计算机连在一起。
• This program has perspicuous interface and extensive application. 该程序界面明了，适用范围广。

8 interfaces   

界面( interface的名词复数 )； 接口（连接两装置的电路，可使数据从一种代码转换成另一种代码）； 交界； 联系

参考例句：

• If the class needs to be reprogrammed, new interfaces are created. 如果class需要重新程序设计，新的interfaces创建。
• Interfaces solve this problem of evolving code. Interfaces解决了代码升级的问题。

9 ken   

n.视野，知识领域

参考例句：

• Such things are beyond my ken.我可不懂这些事。
• Abstract words are beyond the ken of children.抽象的言辞超出小孩所理解的范围.

10 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

11 rebellious   

adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的

参考例句：

• They will be in danger if they are rebellious.如果他们造反，他们就要发生危险。
• Her reply was mild enough,but her thoughts were rebellious.她的回答虽然很温和，但她的心里十分反感。

12 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 meditation   

n.熟虑，（尤指宗教的）默想，沉思，（pl.）冥想录

参考例句：

• This peaceful garden lends itself to meditation.这个恬静的花园适于冥想。
• I'm sorry to interrupt your meditation.很抱歉，我打断了你的沉思。

14 primal   

adj.原始的；最重要的

参考例句：

• Jealousy is a primal emotion.嫉妒是最原始的情感。
• Money was a primal necessity to them.对于他们，钱是主要的需要。

15 sensory   

adj.知觉的，感觉的，知觉器官的

参考例句：

• Human powers of sensory discrimination are limited.人类感官分辨能力有限。
• The sensory system may undergo long-term adaptation in alien environments.感觉系统对陌生的环境可能经过长时期才能适应。

16 deprivation   

n.匮乏；丧失；夺去，贫困

参考例句：

• Many studies make it clear that sleep deprivation is dangerous.多实验都证实了睡眠被剥夺是危险的。
• Missing the holiday was a great deprivation.错过假日是极大的损失。

17 fusion   

n.溶化；熔解；熔化状态，熔和；熔接

参考例句：

• Brass is formed by the fusion of copper and zinc. 黄铜是通过铜和锌的熔合而成的。
• This alloy is formed by the fusion of two types of metal.这种合金是用两种金属熔合而成的。

18 embodied   

v.表现( embody的过去式和过去分词 )；象征；包括；包含

参考例句：

• a politician who embodied the hopes of black youth 代表黑人青年希望的政治家
• The heroic deeds of him embodied the glorious tradition of the troops. 他的英雄事迹体现了军队的光荣传统。 来自《简明英汉词典》

19 meditated   

深思，沉思，冥想( meditate的过去式和过去分词 )； 内心策划，考虑

参考例句：

• He meditated for two days before giving his answer. 他在作出答复之前考虑了两天。
• She meditated for 2 days before giving her answer. 她考虑了两天才答复。

20 audited   

v.审计，查账( audit的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The accounts have to be audited by a firm of external auditors. 这些账目必须由一家外聘审计员的公司来稽查。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• E. g. few if any charities collection publishes audited accounts. 例如很少义款收集有公布经过查核的帐目。 来自互联网

21 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

22 ominous   

adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的

参考例句：

• Those black clouds look ominous for our picnic.那些乌云对我们的野餐来说是个不祥之兆。
• There was an ominous silence at the other end of the phone.电话那头出现了不祥的沉默。

23 ironic   

adj.讽刺的，有讽刺意味的，出乎意料的

参考例句：

• That is a summary and ironic end.那是一个具有概括性和讽刺意味的结局。
• People used to call me Mr Popularity at high school,but they were being ironic.人们中学时常把我称作“万人迷先生”，但他们是在挖苦我。

24 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

25 prophylactic   

adj.预防疾病的；n.预防疾病

参考例句：

• Vaccination and other prophylactic measures can be carried out.可以采取疫苗接种和其他预防措施。
• The region began to use quinine successfully as a prophylactic.该地区开始成功地用奎宁作为预防剂。

26 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

27 wedlock   

n.婚姻，已婚状态

参考例句：

• My wife likes our wedlock.我妻子喜欢我们的婚姻生活。
• The Fawleys were not made for wedlock.范立家的人就跟结婚没有缘。

28 digestion   

n.消化，吸收

参考例句：

• This kind of tea acts as an aid to digestion.这种茶可助消化。
• This food is easy of digestion.这食物容易消化。