乔布斯传 第698期:应用程序(4)

The App Store created a new industry overnight.

应用程序商店在一夜之间创造了一个新的产业。

In dorm rooms and garages and at major media companies, entrepreneurs invented new apps.

创业者们在宿舍、车库，以及主流媒体企业开发出了许多新的应用程序。

John Doerr's venture capital firm created an iFund of $200 million to offer equity¹ financing for the best ideas.

约翰·多尔的风投公司成立了iFund基金，提供2亿美元为最好的创意进行股权融资。

Magazines and newspapers that had been giving away their content for free saw one last chance

杂志和报纸看到了最后的希望，他们此前一直免费发布电子内容，

to put the genie² of that dubious³ business model back into the bottle.

也许能凭借应用程序对电子内容进行收费，就像将精灵收回了魔瓶一样。

Innovative⁴ publishers created new magazines, books, and learning materials just for the iPad.

富于创新的出版商专门为iPad创造出新的杂志、书刊和学习材料。

For example, the high-end publishing house Callaway, which had produced books ranging from Madonna's Sex to Miss Spider's Tea Party,

例如，曾出版过麦当娜的《性》以及《蜘蛛小姐的茶会》等作品的高端出版社卡拉威

decided⁵ to "burn the boats" and give up print altogether to focus on publishing books as interactive⁶ apps.

决定破釜沉舟，完全放弃印刷业，而专注于利用交互式应用程序进行书籍出版。

By June 2011 Apple had paid out $2.5 billion to app developers.

截至2011年6月，苹果公司已向应用程序开发者支付了25亿美元。

The iPad and other app-based digital devices heralded⁷ a fundamental shift in the digital world.

iPad和其他基于应用程序的数码产品预示着数码世界的根本性转变。

Back in the 1980s, going online usually meant dialing into a service like AOL, CompuServe, or Prodigy⁸ that charged fees for access to a carefully curated walled garden

20世纪80年代，上网通常需要拨号进入一个服务商网络，如美国在线、CompuServe公司或Prodigy公司，这些服务商会提供一个围墙网络“花园”，

filled with content plus some exit gates that allowed braver users access to the Internet at large.

里面都是服务商精心挑选组织的内容，同时这些“花园”会有一些出口，更为大胆的用户可以通过这些出口访问整个网络。

The second phase, beginning in the early 1990s,

第二阶段始于20世纪90年代初，

was the advent⁹ of browsers¹⁰ that allowed everyone to freely surf the Internet using the hypertext transfer protocols¹¹ of the World Wide Web,

浏览器开始兴起，所有人都能利用万维网超文本传输协议，通过浏览器浏览互联网上的数十亿个网站。

which linked billions of sites. Search engines arose so that people could easily find the websites they wanted.

雅虎和谷歌等捜索引擎的崛起，使用户可以轻易地找到自己想要的网站。

The release of the iPad portended¹² a new model. Apps resembled the walled gardens of old.

而iPad的发布预示着一种新的模式。应用程序就像老式的围墙花园。

The creators could charge fees and offer more functions to the users who downloaded them.

创作者能够为下载它们的用户提供更多功能。

But the rise of apps also meant that the openness and linked nature of the web were sacrificed.

但是应用程序的兴起也意味着牺牲网络的开放性和连接性。

Apps were not as easily linked or searchable.

应用程序之间不易建立连接，也不易搜索。

Because the iPad allowed the use of both apps and web browsing¹³, it was not at war with the web model.

由于iPad可以同时使用应用程序和网络浏览，因此它同网络模式并无竞争。

But it did offer an alternative, for both the consumers and the creators of content.

但是，它确实为内容创造者和消费者提供了一种替代方案。

1 equity   

n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票

参考例句：

• They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
• To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。

2 genie   

n.妖怪，神怪

参考例句：

• Now the genie of his darkest and weakest side was speaking.他心灵中最阴暗最软弱的部分有一个精灵在说话。
• He had to turn to the Genie of the Ring for help.他不得不向戒指神求助。

3 dubious   

adj.怀疑的，无把握的；有问题的，靠不住的

参考例句：

• What he said yesterday was dubious.他昨天说的话很含糊。
• He uses some dubious shifts to get money.他用一些可疑的手段去赚钱。

4 innovative   

adj.革新的，新颖的，富有革新精神的

参考例句：

• Discover an innovative way of marketing.发现一个创新的营销方式。
• He was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation.他是他那代人当中最富创造性与革新精神的工程师之一。

5 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

6 interactive   

adj.相互作用的，互相影响的，（电脑）交互的

参考例句：

• The psychotherapy is carried out in small interactive groups.这种心理治疗是在互动的小组之间进行的。
• This will make videogames more interactive than ever.这将使电子游戏的互动性更胜以往。

7 heralded   

v.预示( herald的过去式和过去分词 )；宣布（好或重要）

参考例句：

• The singing of the birds heralded in the day. 鸟鸣报晓。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• A fanfare of trumpets heralded the arrival of the King. 嘹亮的小号声宣告了国王驾到。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 prodigy   

n.惊人的事物，奇迹，神童，天才，预兆

参考例句：

• She was a child prodigy on the violin.她是神童小提琴手。
• He was always a Negro prodigy who played barbarously and wonderfully.他始终是一个黑人的奇才，这种奇才弹奏起来粗野而惊人。

9 advent   

n.(重要事件等的)到来，来临

参考例句：

• Swallows come by groups at the advent of spring. 春天来临时燕子成群飞来。
• The advent of the Euro will redefine Europe.欧元的出现将重新定义欧洲。

10 browsers   

浏览器

参考例句：

• Three-layer architecture is a model made up of browser, web server and background database server. 这种体系结构是由Browser、Web Server、Database Server组成的浏览器／Web服务器／后台数据库服务器三层模型。 来自互联网
• Another excellent approach is to abandon the browser entirely and, instead, create a non-browser-based, Internet-enabled application. 另一个非常好的方法是干脆放弃浏览器，取而代之，创建一个不基于浏览器，但却是基于互联网的应用。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

11 protocols   

n.礼仪( protocol的名词复数 )；（外交条约的）草案；（数据传递的）协议；科学实验报告（或计划）

参考例句：

• There are also protocols on the testing of nuclear weapons. 也有关于核武器试验的协议。 来自辞典例句
• Hardware components and software design of network transport protocols are separately introduced. 介绍系统硬件组成及网络传输协议的软件设计。 来自互联网

12 portended   

v.预示( portend的过去式和过去分词 )；预兆；给…以警告；预告

参考例句：

• It portended that there was one stone face too many, up at the chateau. 这说明庄园里多出了一张石雕人面。 来自英汉文学 - 双城记
• She confusedly realised this reversal of her attitudes, but could not make out what it portended. 她糊里糊涂的意识到自己这种相反的态度，但是不知道它会带来什么。 来自辞典例句

13 browsing   

v.吃草( browse的现在分词 )；随意翻阅；（在商店里）随便看看；（在计算机上）浏览信息

参考例句：

• He sits browsing over[through] a book. 他坐着翻阅书籍。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Cattle is browsing in the field. 牛正在田里吃草。 来自《简明英汉词典》