科学美国人60秒 候选人往往不会回避问题

This campaign season, there's been plenty of name calling and lots of accusations¹. David Clementson, a PhD candidate at The Ohio State University, has been keeping tabs. "I mean there was one debate where Rubio and Cruz were just all over Trump², accusing him of dodging³ questions."

竞选季，关于很多名字的谩骂和指控持续不断。David Clementson，是美国俄亥俄州立大学的博士生，一直在做相关的报到。“我指的是，卢比奥和克鲁兹曾一度指责特朗普逃避问题。”

[DEBATE CLIP: Rubio: "But that doesn't answer the question." TRUMP: "He didn't answer…" // Rubio: "You have yet to answer a single serious question about any of this."]

[音频片段：卢比奥：“但你并没有回答问题。”特朗普：“他没回答……”//卢比奥：“你还没有回答一个非常严肃的问题”。

Clementson wanted to see if claims of question dodging actually held up, historically—not necessarily in the unique case of Trump. So Clementson analyzed⁵ the transcripts⁶ of 14 presidential debates, from 1996 to 2012. Overall, he found 51 accusations of question dodging—26 by Dems, 25 by Republicans.

Clementson想要看看逃避问题是否真的会成为攻击点，从以往来看——针对于特朗普的独特案例，并不是这样。所以，Clementson分析了从1996年到2012年14位总统候选人之间的辩论记录。他发现，总体而言，个被回避的受指责问题——民主党占26个，共和党占25个。

A third of the time, the accused candidate did in fact go off-topic. But in every single case, the accused candidate still mentioned the question topic. Meaning that most of the time, he says, candidates are unfairly accused of question-dodging. The results are in the Journal of Language and Social Psychology⁷.

其中，在受到指责的时间里，1/3之一的候选人的确跑题了。但是，多数时间，被指责的候选人仍然在提及相关的问题。这意味着，大部分的时间里，候选人被指责回避问题是不公平的。 该研究结果已发表在《语言和社会心理学》杂志上。

Clementson's advice for the next debate? "Just because a politician of your partisan⁸ affiliation⁹ or your party ID is telling you that the other guy can't be believed, doesn't necessarily mean that that politician is accurately¹⁰ detecting deception¹¹." In other words, don't trust 'em. Because the politician doing the accusing may be the one telling lies.

对于下一轮的辩论，Clementon的建议是什么呢?就是因为你的政党关系中有一位政治家或者你的政党身份告诉自己，不能够信任对方，这并不一定意味着这位政治家就真的存在欺骗行为。换而言之，千万不要相信别人说的。因为他们也有可能在撒谎。

["Lying Ted⁴.. he's a liar¹²."]

说谎的Ted，他就是个骗子。

1 accusations   

n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名

参考例句：

• There were accusations of plagiarism. 曾有过关于剽窃的指控。
• He remained unruffled by their accusations. 对于他们的指控他处之泰然。

2 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

3 dodging   

n.避开，闪过，音调改变v.闪躲( dodge的现在分词 )；回避

参考例句：

• He ran across the road, dodging the traffic. 他躲开来往的车辆跑过马路。
• I crossed the highway, dodging the traffic. 我避开车流穿过了公路。 来自辞典例句

4 ted   

vt.翻晒，撒，撒开

参考例句：

• The invaders gut ted the village.侵略者把村中财物洗劫一空。
• She often teds the corn when it's sunny.天好的时候她就翻晒玉米。

5 analyzed   

v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析

参考例句：

• The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程，因为对他来说，爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 transcripts   

n.抄本（ transcript的名词复数 ）；转写本；文字本；副本

参考例句：

• Like mRNA, both tRNA and rRNA are transcripts of chromosomal DNA. tRNA及rRNA同mRNA一样，都是染色体DNA的转录产物。 来自辞典例句
• You can't take the transfer students'exam without your transcripts. 没有成绩证明书，你就不能参加转学考试。 来自辞典例句

7 psychology   

n.心理，心理学，心理状态

参考例句：

• She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
• He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。

8 partisan   

adj.党派性的；游击队的；n.游击队员；党徒

参考例句：

• In their anger they forget all the partisan quarrels.愤怒之中，他们忘掉一切党派之争。
• The numerous newly created partisan detachments began working slowly towards that region.许多新建的游击队都开始慢慢地向那里移动。

9 affiliation   

n.联系，联合

参考例句：

• There is no affiliation between our organization and theirs,even though our names are similar.尽管两个组织的名称相似，但我们之间并没有关系。
• The kidnappers had no affiliation with any militant group.这些绑架者与任何军事组织都没有紧密联系。

10 accurately   

adv.准确地，精确地

参考例句：

• It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
• Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。

11 deception   

n.欺骗，欺诈；骗局，诡计

参考例句：

• He admitted conspiring to obtain property by deception.他承认曾与人合谋骗取财产。
• He was jailed for two years for fraud and deception.他因为诈骗和欺诈入狱服刑两年。

12 liar   

n.说谎的人

参考例句：

• I know you for a thief and a liar!我算认识你了，一个又偷又骗的家伙！
• She was wrongly labelled a liar.她被错误地扣上说谎者的帽子。