科学美国人60秒 改变肺癌轨迹(3)

The Lung Cancer Initiative is also working with a global consortium on something called a “pre-cancer atlas¹,” which is exciting in terms of looking to go deeper in understanding the disease.

肺癌倡议还在与一个全球财团合作，制作一种名为“癌症前图谱”的东西，这是令人兴奋的，因为它有望更深入地了解这种疾病。

What a precancer Atlas is, is — think about all of the cellular² and molecular³ changes that occur as a normal cell in your lung becomes pre-cancer and eventually becomes a full-blown invasive cancer.

什么是癌前图谱--想象一下所有的细胞和分子变化，从肺部正常细胞变成癌前细胞，最终进展为全面的侵入性癌症。

So it's a map of all of those changes.

这是一张包括所有这些变化的图谱。

Avi’s team hopes to use that map in the future to identify the earliest signs of lung cancer development before it becomes a clinical problem.

阿维的团队希望在未来利用这张图谱在正常细胞发展成为临床问题之前识别出肺癌发展的最早迹象。

And the analog⁴ here is cardiovascular disease.

类似的还有心血管疾病。

You know, in the last 30/40 years, cardiologists no longer wait for someone to get a full-blown heart attack to start treating the patient.

你知道，在过去的三四十年里，心脏病专家不用等到病人心脏病完全发作才开始进行治疗。

They treat the patient years and decades before they get disease.

在患者患病前，他们会为患者治疗数年甚至数十年。

And they're able to do that because they gain the fundamental root-cause understanding of what drives the earliest part of their disease.

他们能够这样做是因为他们了解了根本原因，了解是什么导致了他们早期患病。

Avi is hoping to find ways to identify that someone is on their way to developing lung cancer.

阿维希望找到一种方法来确定某人是否正在患上肺癌。

If we had that map of the molecular changes of a pre-cancer to a cancer, we could develop ways of finding people that are harboring these precancerous lesions, and then blocking them from ever getting an invasive disease.

如果我们有从癌前进展到癌症的分子变化图谱，我们就可以开发出能找出携带这些癌前病变分子患者的方法，然后阻止他们患上入侵式疾病。

Would these future developments have prevented his aunt from dying?

这些未来的发展能不能阻止他阿姨离去呢？

Avi says maybe, but not in the short term.

阿维说可能，但短期内可能做不到。

She was a non-smoker, so she probably wouldn’t have gotten a screening for lung cancer.

她不吸烟，所以她很可能不会接受肺癌筛查。

But I do think in that longer-range future I describe where we could develop a non-invasive blood test or a nasal swab, or some sort of breath test that could be done every year at your annual family doctor visit.

但我确实认为，在我描述的更遥远的将来，每年在你去看家庭医生的时候，可以进行非侵入性血液测试或鼻拭子测试，或者某种呼气测试。

That my aunt could have had one of those tests when she was in her late 30s, early 40s, and then had some sort of treatment that would have prevented her from getting the disease in the first place, or at least then get followed very closely.

我的阿姨可以在她40岁左右的时候做这些检查，然后接受从初期就可以防止她患上这种疾病，或者至少可以密切跟踪的某种治疗。

Thanks to the work of the Lung Cancer Initiative, Avi believes a future like that is possible.

多亏了肺癌多方案的工作，阿维相信这样的未来是可能的。

A future that includes earlier diagnosis⁵ and treatment all in one procedure and a transformation⁶ of the lung cancer care paradigm⁷ that will help impact millions of people around the world.

未来早期诊断和治疗包括在一个过程中以及转变肺癌护理模式，将有助于影响世界各地数百万人。

Dr.Avrum Spira is the Global Head of the Lung Cancer Initiative at Johnson & Johnson.

阿维鲁姆·斯皮拉博士是强生公司肺癌倡议的全球负责人。

He is also an attending physician in the Medical Intensive Care Unit at Boston University Medical Center and a Professor of Medicine, Bioinformatics and Pathology at Boston University.

他也是波士顿大学医学中心医疗重症监护病房的主治医生，以及波士顿大学的医学、生物信息学和病理学教授。

The Lung Cancer Initiative was formed in 2018 to unleash⁸ the full potential of science and technology to change the trajectory⁹ of this complex disease.

肺癌倡议成立于2018年，旨在释放科学技术的全部潜力，改变这种复杂疾病的轨迹。

This podcast was produced by Scientific American Custom Media and made possible through the support of the Lung Cancer Initiative at Johnson & Johnson.

这个播客由《科学美国人定制媒体》制作，并得到强生肺癌倡议的赞助。

1 atlas   

n.地图册，图表集

参考例句：

• He reached down the atlas from the top shelf.他从书架顶层取下地图集。
• The atlas contains forty maps,including three of Great Britain.这本地图集有40幅地图，其中包括3幅英国地图。

2 cellular   

adj.移动的；细胞的，由细胞组成的

参考例句：

• She has a cellular telephone in her car.她的汽车里有一部无线通讯电话机。
• Many people use cellular materials as sensitive elements in hygrometers.很多人用蜂窝状的材料作为测量温度的传感元件。

3 molecular   

adj.分子的；克分子的

参考例句：

• The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
• For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时，分子的碰撞就停止了。

4 analog   

n.类似物，模拟

参考例句：

• The analog signal contains high-frequency video information,which helps make up the picture.模拟信号包括有助于构成图像的高频视频信息。
• The analog computer measures continuously,without proceeding step by step.模拟计算机不是一步一步地进行，而是连续地进行量度。

5 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。

6 transformation   

n.变化；改造；转变

参考例句：

• Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
• He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。

7 paradigm   

n.例子，模范，词形变化表

参考例句：

• He had become the paradigm of the successful man. 他已经成为成功人士的典范。
• Moreover,the results of this research can be the new learning paradigm for digital design studios.除此之外，本研究的研究成果也可以为数位设计课程建立一个新的学习范例。

8 unleash   

vt.发泄，发出；解带子放开

参考例句：

• They hope to create allies to unleash against diseases,pests,and invasive species.他们希望创造出一些新群体来对付疾病、害虫和一些有侵害性的物种。
• Changing water levels now at times unleash a miasma of disease from exposed sewage.如今，大坝不时地改变水位，从暴露的污水释放出了疾病瘴气。

9 trajectory   

n.弹道，轨道

参考例句：

• It is not difficult to sketch the subsequent trajectory.很容易描绘出它们最终的轨迹。
• The path followed by a projectile is called its trajectory.抛物体所循的路径称为它的轨道。