科学美国人60秒 路易丝·斯劳特是国会食品安全冠军

“Legislation to restrict the current overuse, I would say abuse, of antibiotics² by farmers who raise livestock³ for human consumption.”Louise Slaughter⁴, member of Congress from upstate New York, in 2009 on the floor of the House. Slaughter died March 16th. She was 88, and the oldest current member of Congress at the time of her death. More of her 2009 remarks:

“对目前过度使用滥用抗生素的农民，进行了立法限制，这些农民通过养殖牲畜为人类消费。”路易斯·斯劳特(Louise Slaughter)是纽约州北部的国会议员，她于2009年在众议院发言，她于3月16日死亡。享年88岁，她是当时最老的国会议员。以下是她2009年发表的大多数评论：

“We have legislation that has strong and growing numbers of supporters who, like me, worry that the use of non-therapeutic antibiotics in our food supply poses an enormous and growing health risk for all Americans. And I hope all my colleagues…will be with us when we take up the Preservation⁵ of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act.”

“我们的立法支持者越来越多，与我一样，都在担心在我们的食品供应中使用非治疗性抗生素，给所有美国人带来巨大而不断增长的健康风险。我希望，我们所有的同事......在我们开始保护抗生素药物治疗法时，都会与我们站在同一战线。”

Slaughter grew up in Kentucky and received a bachelor’s degree in microbiology and a master’s in public health, both from the University of Kentucky. She repeatedly introduced legislation to cut down the overuse of antibiotics to promote animal growth, a factor in driving the development of antibiotic¹-resistant disease. Maryn McKenna talked to me about Slaughter last fall when McKenna’s book Big Chicken came out:

路易斯·斯劳特在肯塔基州长大，获得了肯塔基大学微生物学学士学位和公共卫生硕士学位。她多次提出通过立法来减少过量使用抗生素，以促进动物生长的法律议案，这是推动抗生素耐药性疾病发展的一项举措。Maryn McKenna和我谈到了路易斯·斯劳特，去年秋天Big Chicken出版时，她就在积极推动立法：

MM: “Every term she brings forth⁶ a bill that is known as PAMTA, the Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act, that would remove from agriculture any antibiotic that is also used in human medicine. And every year the bill doesn’t even get as far as hearings. And every year she brings it back again. She is indefatigable⁷.”

MM: “她对每一个术语，都提出了一项名为PAMTA的法案，即保护抗生素药物治疗法案，该法案将从农业中除去，任何用于人类医学的抗生素。该法案在每年的听证会中都没有通过，每年她都会提及此法案，只至法案通过。她是不知疲倦的法案倡议者。

Despite the failure to pass the legislation, Slaughter’s attention to the issue played a role in the decision by various agricultural enterprises to voluntarily cut their use of nonveterinary antibiotics in recent years. You can hear more about that development on the podcast with McKenna on the Scientific American website.

尽管未能通过立法，但斯劳特对这个问题的关注度，在近年来各农业企业在自愿决定减少使用非兽用抗生素方面发挥了作用。您可以在科学美国人网站上听到更多，有关麦肯纳关于该法案的后续进展信息。

Slaughter proposed additional legislation to protect the food supply in general. She was the driving force behind the 2008 Genetic⁸ Information Nondiscrimination Act, which prevents insurance companies and employers from using genetic predispositions to discriminate⁹. She also was a leader behind the 1994 passage of the Violence against Women Act, which funded shelters and educational programs. She was in her 16th term in Congress when she died.

斯劳特提出了更多的立法议案来保护食品供应。她是2008年遗传信息不歧视法案的推动力量，该法案阻止保险公司和雇主利用遗传倾向进行歧视。她还是1994年通过的“暴力侵害妇女法”的领导者，该法案资助了收容所和教育方案。当她去世时，她是国会第十六任议员。

LS: “Let’s start taking steps to make sure our food supply is safe as it can be.”

LS: “让我们开始采取措施，确保我们的食物供应尽可能安全吧。”

1 antibiotic   

adj.抗菌的；n.抗生素

参考例句：

• The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
• Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。

2 antibiotics   

n.（用作复数）抗生素；（用作单数）抗生物质的研究；抗生素，抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
• The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。

3 livestock   

n.家畜，牲畜

参考例句：

• Both men and livestock are flourishing.人畜两旺。
• The heavy rains and flooding killed scores of livestock.暴雨和大水淹死了许多牲口。

4 slaughter   

n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀

参考例句：

• I couldn't stand to watch them slaughter the cattle.我不忍看他们宰牛。
• Wholesale slaughter was carried out in the name of progress.大规模的屠杀在维护进步的名义下进行。

5 preservation   

n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持

参考例句：

• The police are responsible for the preservation of law and order.警察负责维持法律与秩序。
• The picture is in an excellent state of preservation.这幅画保存得极为完好。

6 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

7 indefatigable   

adj.不知疲倦的，不屈不挠的

参考例句：

• His indefatigable spirit helped him to cope with his illness.他不屈不挠的精神帮助他对抗病魔。
• He was indefatigable in his lectures on the aesthetics of love.在讲授关于爱情的美学时，他是不知疲倦的。

8 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

9 discriminate   

v.区别，辨别，区分；有区别地对待

参考例句：

• You must learn to discriminate between facts and opinions.你必须学会把事实和看法区分出来。
• They can discriminate hundreds of colours.他们能分辨上百种颜色。