科学美国人60秒 打盹可以激发创造力

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。

Salvador Dali had a peculiar¹ way of refreshing² his mind—something he called “slumber with a key.”

萨尔瓦多·达利有一种独特的提神醒脑方法--他称之为“钥匙睡眠法”。

In his 1948 book 50 Secrets of Magic Craftsmanship³, he described how it worked.

在他1948年出版的《手艺出神入化的 50 个秘密》一书中，他描述了这一睡眠法如何工作的。

“You must seat yourself in a bony armchair, preferably of Spanish style,” he wrote.

“你必须坐在细窄的扶手椅上，最好是西班牙风格的，”他写道。

In your left hand, you were to clench⁴ a heavy key, suspended above a plate.

你的左手要紧握一把悬挂在盘子上方的沉重的钥匙。

Then, he continued, “you will have merely to let yourself be progressively invaded by a serene⁶ afternoon sleep, like the spiritual drop of anisette of your soul rising in the cube of sugar of your body.”

然后，他继续道，“你只需要让自己逐渐被午后宁静的睡意侵袭，就像你灵魂中的一滴茴香酒，逐渐浸润身体这块放糖。”

As you drifted off, the key would slip from your fingers and clang on the plate, awakening⁷ you.

当你昏昏欲睡的时候，钥匙会从你的指间滑落，哐当一声掉在盘子上，把你吵醒。

He claimed the brief moment spent between wake and sleep would revive your physical and psychic⁸ being.

他声称，在清醒和睡眠之间度过的短暂时刻可以让你的身体和精神都恢复活力。

And he cautioned that “a mere⁵ second is infinitely⁹ too long.”

他还提醒称，“连一秒钟都显得太长了。”

Now Dali’s mystical-sounding method has been, to some degree, vindicated¹⁰ by science.

现在，达利听起来神秘的方法在某种程度上已经被科学证明是正确的。

We show that this period between wake and sleep is actually very inspiring for creativity—and napping with an object in hand might help to tap into this creative sweet spot.

我们的研究表明，清醒和睡眠之间的这段时间实际上非常激发创造力，手持物体打盹可能有助于挖掘创造性的适宜区。

Delphine Oudiette is a sleep researcher at the Paris Brain Institute.

德尔芬·欧迪特是巴黎大脑研究所的睡眠研究员。

Since childhood, she’s found it easy to slip into the zone between wake and sleep.

从孩提时代起，她就发现很容易进入清醒和睡眠之间的区域。

I try to sleep with a problem in mind and let the images come to me.

我试着带着问题入睡，让图像浮现在我的脑海中。

And sometimes I have great ideas.

有时候我会有很棒的想法。

But she was curious to find out why—so she and her colleagues asked 103 volunteers to complete a series of math problems.

但她很好奇，想找出其中的原因--所以她和她的同事要求103名志愿者完成一系列的数学问题。

Unbeknownst to the participants, there was a quick shortcut¹¹ to solve all the problems.

参与者不知情，有一条快速解决所有问题的捷径。

(Sixteen of the volunteers figured that out and were excluded from the rest of the study.)

(16名志愿者解出了数学题，被排除在剩下的研究之外。)

The volunteers who didn’t determine the secret were asked to emulate¹² Dali’s method—but pinching a plastic bottle with their fingertips rather than a key.

不了解秘密的志愿者被要求效仿达利的方法-用指尖捏塑料瓶而不是握住钥匙。

Some took a Dali-style micro nap, some napped longer, and others didn’t nap at all.

一些人和达利一样打了个盹，一些人打盹时间更长一些，还有一些人根本没有打盹。

After the snooze, the researchers asked all the volunteers to do hundreds more of these math problems.

在小睡之后，研究人员要求所有志愿者再做数百道这样的数学题。

And they found that volunteers who took micro naps were nearly three times as likely to figure out the problem-solving trick, compared to those who didn’t nap at all.

他们发现，与那些完全没有睡觉的志愿者相比，打个盹的志愿者想出解决问题的诀窍的可能性几乎是他们的三倍。

That’s a pretty massive result.

这是一个相当重要的成果。

We think that's, maybe in this phase, you have the best of the two worlds: sleep and wake.

我们认为，也许在这个阶段，你处于睡眠和清醒两个世界中最好的状态。

So you lose control of your thoughts.

所以你失去了对自己思想的控制。

So you can have loose associations—make distant associations between different memories—and that could be helpful for creativity.

所以你可以产生不受束缚的联想-在不同的记忆之间建立遥远的联想-这可能有助于激发创造力。

But at the same time, you still keep some awareness¹³ that might help you to recognize when you have a great idea.

但同时，你仍要保持一定的意识，这可能会帮助你认识到什么时候你有一个好主意。

Those who slept for longer periods actually did worse than both those who briefly¹⁴ slept and those who stayed awake.

与那些进入短暂睡眠的参与者和那些保持清醒的参与者相比，那些睡眠时间较长的参与者实际上表现更差。

The results appear in the journal Science Advances.

这项研究结果发表在《科学进展》期刊上。

Oudiette says the next step of her work will involve repeating the experiment with other creative tasks, beyond math problems.

欧迪特说，她下一步的工作将包括用其他创造性的任务重复这个实验，而非仅仅是数学问题。

And, yeah, to know more about the mechanism—and maybe to try to teach people to reach this creative sweet spot.

还有，是的，了解更多关于这个机制的知识--也许可以试着教授人们达到这个创造性的最佳点。

As for Dali? In his book, he describes a variation of his method in which he instructs the reader to, quote, “eat three dozen sea urchins¹⁵, gathered on one of the last two days that precede the full moon.”

达利呢？在他的书中，他描述了自己方法的一种变化，他指示读者，引用他的话，“吃掉三十六个海胆，这些海胆是在满月前的最后两天收集的。”

He specified¹⁶ that “these sea urchins should be eaten preferably in the spring—May is a good month.”

他特别指出，“这些海胆最好在春天吃--五月是个好月份。”

Clearly, the great painter has left scientists with much to investigate.

显然，这位伟大的画家给科学家留下了很多需要研究的东西。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。

1 peculiar   

adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的

参考例句：

• He walks in a peculiar fashion.他走路的样子很奇特。
• He looked at me with a very peculiar expression.他用一种很奇怪的表情看着我。

2 refreshing   

adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的

参考例句：

• I find it'so refreshing to work with young people in this department.我发现和这一部门的青年一起工作令人精神振奋。
• The water was cold and wonderfully refreshing.水很涼，特别解乏提神。

3 craftsmanship   

n.手艺

参考例句：

• The whole house is a monument to her craftsmanship. 那整座房子是她技艺的一座丰碑。
• We admired the superb craftsmanship of the furniture. 我们很欣赏这个家具的一流工艺。

4 clench   

vt.捏紧（拳头等），咬紧（牙齿等），紧紧握住

参考例句：

• I clenched the arms of my chair.我死死抓住椅子扶手。
• Slowly,he released his breath through clenched teeth.他从紧咬的牙缝间慢慢地舒了口气。

5 mere   

adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过

参考例句：

• That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
• It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。

6 serene   

adj. 安详的，宁静的，平静的

参考例句：

• He has entered the serene autumn of his life.他已进入了美好的中年时期。
• He didn't speak much,he just smiled with that serene smile of his.他话不多，只是脸上露出他招牌式的淡定的微笑。

7 awakening   

n.觉醒，醒悟 adj.觉醒中的；唤醒的

参考例句：

• the awakening of interest in the environment 对环境产生的兴趣
• People are gradually awakening to their rights. 人们正逐渐意识到自己的权利。

8 psychic   

n.对超自然力敏感的人；adj.有超自然力的

参考例句：

• Some people are said to have psychic powers.据说有些人有通灵的能力。
• She claims to be psychic and to be able to foretell the future.她自称有特异功能，能预知未来。

9 infinitely   

adv.无限地，无穷地

参考例句：

• There is an infinitely bright future ahead of us.我们有无限光明的前途。
• The universe is infinitely large.宇宙是无限大的。

10 vindicated   

v.澄清（某人/某事物）受到的责难或嫌疑( vindicate的过去式和过去分词 )；表明或证明（所争辩的事物）属实、正当、有效等；维护

参考例句：

• I have every confidence that this decision will be fully vindicated. 我完全相信这一决定的正确性将得到充分证明。
• Subsequent events vindicated the policy. 后来的事实证明那政策是对的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 shortcut   

n.近路，捷径

参考例句：

• He was always looking for a shortcut to fame and fortune.他总是在找成名发财的捷径。
• If you take the shortcut,it will be two li closer.走抄道去要近2里路。

12 emulate   

v.努力赶上或超越，与…竞争；效仿

参考例句：

• You must work hard to emulate your sister.你必须努力工作，赶上你姐姐。
• You must look at the film and try to emulate his behavior.你们必须观看这部电影，并尽力模仿他的动作。

13 awareness   

n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智

参考例句：

• There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
• Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。

14 briefly   

adv.简单地，简短地

参考例句：

• I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
• He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。

15 urchins   

n.顽童( urchin的名词复数 )；淘气鬼；猬；海胆

参考例句：

• Some dozen barefooted urchins ganged in from the riverside. 几十个赤足的顽童从河边成群结队而来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• People said that he had jaundice and urchins nicknamed him "Yellow Fellow." 别人说他是黄胆病，孩子们也就叫他“黄胖”了。 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说

16 specified   

adj.特定的

参考例句：

• The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。
• It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。