英国学生科学读本 第6期:一杯水

 　　Lesson 6 A GLASS OF WATER

　　第六课 一杯水

　　Let us look at the water in this glass, and see what we can find out about it. It has no colour, so we say that the water is colourless.

　　咱们来看看这个杯子里的水吧。这杯水是什么样的呢? 是没有颜色的, 所以我们说, 水是无色的（colourless）。

　　But there is very little water in the glass. If we were to look through a very great thickness of water, we should see that it really has a pale blue colour. The water of the deep sea looks blue, you know.

　　但是, 杯子里的水实在太少了。要是咱们看着一层特别厚的水, 就会发现, 其实这层水是浅蓝色的。小朋友们知道, 深深的大海里的水, 就是蓝色的。

　　The water in the glass has no smell and no taste. That is a very good thing, for we drink a great deal of water, and we should soon get tired of any taste or smell, however nice it might be.

　　杯子里的水, 闻起来没有气味, 喝起来也没有味道。这是一件非常好的事, 因为我们要喝很多水, 不管水的气味和味道多么好, 我们都会很快喝腻的。

　　Yet there are some animals that can smell water a long way off. One of these is the camel. Men crossing the hot, sandy desert seek for the green spots where springs of water are found. Long before they have seen one of these spots, they know that they are near it by their thirsty camels rushing on, however tired they may be. The camels must have smelt¹ the water far off.

　　可是, 有一些动物, 隔着很远就能闻到水的气味。骆驼是这些动物其中的一种。古时候穿越炎热沙漠的人, 都要寻找有泉水的绿洲。他们还远远没有看到这些绿洲的时候, 就知道绿洲已经近了。因为骆驼渴坏了, 不管有多累, 都拼命往前跑。这些骆驼就是在很远的地方闻到了水的气味。

　　When I hold up the glass, you can see my fingers through the water. For that reason we call the water transparent² or clear. Never drink any water which is not clear. Muddy⁴ water can be made clear by letting it run through a filter⁵. The filter is full of little holes, but these holes are so small that the bits of sand and mud³ cannot pass through them.

　　我举起杯子, 你就能透过水, 看见我的手指头。所以我们说, 水是清澈的, 或者是透明的（transparent）。小朋友可不要喝不干净的水啊！但是, 泥水也可以用过滤器, 变得清澈透明。过滤器上面有很多小孔, 这些小孔特别小, 泥沙通不过去。

　　Who would try to set fire to the water and make it burn? If you saw any one trying to do so, you would only laugh at him, for you know very well that water will not burn. If your house were on fire, men would come with a fire-engine and pour water on the fire to put it out.

　　谁会想把水点着了, 让水燃烧起来呢? 小朋友如果看见, 有人想把水点着, 肯定会笑话他傻。因为你很清楚, 水是不会燃烧的。如果你的家不幸着了火, 人们会开来消防车, 把水喷到火上来灭火。

　　Let me slant⁶ to one side the glass which holds the water. Now the water runs out, and flows down to the floor in a stream. Because the water will flow, we call it a fluid⁷. "Men would come with a fire-engine. "（"人们会开来消防车。"）

　　我把这杯水歪到一边儿, 水就会流出来, 沿着一条线流到地板上。因为水是会流动的, 所以我们把水叫做"流体"（fluid）。

　　There are many other fluids⁸ besides water, such as milk and oil. These fluids are also called liquids.

　　除了水以外, 还有好多别的东西也是流体, 比如牛奶啊, 油啊什么的。这些流体也叫做"液体"（liquid）。

　　The water in the glass has a certain size, but it has no shape of its own. It takes the form or shape of any glass into which it is poured.

　　玻璃杯里的水有一定的大小, 但是没有一定的形状。水倒进什么杯子里, 就是什么杯子的形状了。

　　Is water of any use? Why, it is so useful that we could not live without it. The water we drink forms a great part of our blood and of our bodies.

　　水有用吗? 哎呀, 实在太有用了, 我们没有水就活不下去。我们身体和血液的好大一部分, 都是喝下去的水呢！

　　Then we need water to wash ourselves with, and to wash our clothes and our houses. No liquid will do this so well as water. We also need water for cooking our food.

　　我们还要用水来洗澡, 洗衣服, 打扫屋子。在所有液体中, 水是做这些事儿做得最好的。我们还要用水做饭。

　　Water is used to make the steam that works⁹ our steam-engines. And we sprinkle¹⁰ it over our streets and roads to keep down the dust.

　　蒸汽机里的蒸汽也是水。水还用来洒在街道上, 不让尘土飞起来。

　　Without water there would be no rivers, or ponds, or seas; without water, no trees, or plants, or flowers could live. The world would look very dull without the pretty little brooks¹¹ and the wide blue ocean. SUMMARY Water is colourless, and it has neither smell nor taste. It is transparent, and because it flows it is called a fluid. Water forms a great part of our blood and our bodies. We wash with it, we cook with it; it makes our steam-engines go; it forms our rivers, our ponds, and our seas. Without it neither plants nor animals could live.

　　没有水, 江河湖海就都没有了。没有水, 花草树木就都不能活了。没有蔚蓝的大海, 清澈的小溪, 这个世界会多么难看呀！

1 smelt   

v.熔解，熔炼；n.银白鱼，胡瓜鱼

参考例句：

• Tin is a comparatively easy metal to smelt.锡是比较容易熔化的金属。
• Darby was looking for a way to improve iron when he hit upon the idea of smelting it with coke instead of charcoal.达比一直在寻找改善铁质的方法，他猛然想到可以不用木炭熔炼，而改用焦炭。

2 transparent   

adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的

参考例句：

• The water is so transparent that we can see the fishes swimming.水清澈透明，可以看到鱼儿游来游去。
• The window glass is transparent.窗玻璃是透明的。

3 mud   

n.泥，泥浆

参考例句：

• The swimming pool is filled up with mud.游泳池里全是泥。
• A car ran past,spotting my coat with mud.一辆汽车驶过，给我的外衣溅上了泥点。

4 muddy   

adj.泥泞的，污的，肮脏的；vt.使污浊，使沾上泥污

参考例句：

• The road is very muddy.这条路非常泥泞。
• They passed a muddy track through the forest.他们穿过森林的泥泞小路。

5 filter   

n.滤器，过滤嘴；v.过滤，透过

参考例句：

• Foreign influence began to filter into the country.外国势力开始渗透进这个国家。
• Charcoal is used to filter water.木炭是用来过滤水的。

6 slant   

v.倾斜，倾向性地编写或报道；n.斜面，倾向

参考例句：

• The lines are drawn on a slant.这些线条被画成斜线。
• The editorial had an antiunion slant.这篇社论有一种反工会的倾向。

7 fluid   

n.流体，液体；adj.流体的，流动的

参考例句：

• Fluid includes both gasses and liquids.流体包括气体和液体。
• The weather is fluid in summer.夏天天气多变。

8 fluids   

n.液体，流体( fluid的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He is taking cold fluids. 他正在喝冷饮。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• You can contract Aids if your bodily fluids come into contact with the bodily fluids of someone else who is infected with HIV. 如果你的体液与染有HIV者的体液接触，你就会染上艾滋病。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 works   

n.作品，著作；工厂，活动部件，机件

参考例句：

• We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
• The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。

10 sprinkle   

v.撒，洒；n.少量，少数

参考例句：

• Sprinkle sugar evenly over the top of the cake.把糖均匀地撒在蛋糕上。
• Sprinkle some water before you sweep.先泼点儿水再扫。

11 brooks   

n.小溪( brook的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Brooks gave the business when Haas caught him with his watch. 哈斯抓到偷他的手表的布鲁克斯时，狠狠地揍了他一顿。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Ade and Brooks exchanged blows yesterday and they were severely punished today. 艾德和布鲁克斯昨天打起来了，今天他们受到严厉的惩罚。 来自《简明英汉词典》