英国学生科学读本 第32期:一块软木(1)

 　　Lesson 32 Only A Cork¹

　　第32课 一块软木

　　Corks² are so cheap and so common, that every child who reads this Lesson can get a cork to handle and to look at. Let us try with a pen-holder to keep a cork down at the bottom of a glass of water. It is very hard todo this; for the cork is very much lighter³ than its bulk of water, and so it is always trying to rise to thetop.

　　软木很便宜, 很常见。读到这一课的小朋友, 人人都可以把一块软木塞拿在手上, 好好看看。咱们试试, 用一支笔杆子把软木塞按到一杯水底下。很难把软木塞按住, 因为软木塞比它这么大体积的水轻得多, 所以总是要往水面上浮。

　　Men who go out in life-boats wear canvasbelts filled with pieces of cork. If the boat should be upset, the cork is so light that it would help the men to float , and save them from drowning.

　　救生艇上的救生员, 都穿着一种帆布带子, 里面盛满了软木块儿。要是船万一翻了, 软木非常轻, 可以让人浮起来, 不让人淹死。

　　Squeeze a cork between your fingers. You can easily compress it, or make it smaller. But when you take your fingers away, the cork springs out to its old size and shape. Things that do this are called elastic⁴.

　　用两个手指挤一下软木, 可以很容易地压缩这块软木, 让它变小。可是, 一放开手指, 软木就弹回了原来的大小和形状。有这种性质的东西叫做“弹性物体”。

　　Because cork is elastic, it makes good stoppers for bottles. The cork ought to be just a little larger than the neck of the bottle. We force the cork into the neck of the bottle, and it presses against the sides of it, and fits it exactly.

　　因为软木是有弹性的, 所以很适合做瓶塞子。软木塞应该只比瓶颈大一点儿, 我们把软木塞用力塞到瓶颈里面, 软木塞就挤在了瓶颈的壁上, 尺寸刚刚好。

　　But what is cork? Cork is the outer bark of a kind of oak-tree, which grows in the south of Europe. It is an evergreen⁵ oak— that is, it is always covered with green leaves. It grows to a height of thirty or forty feet.

　　但是, 软木究竟是什么东西呢? 软木是一种栎树的树皮, 这种树长在欧洲南部, 是一种常绿乔木, 也就是一直长着绿叶子的树, 能长到30–40英尺高。

1 cork   

n.软木，软木塞

参考例句：

• We heard the pop of a cork.我们听见瓶塞砰的一声打开。
• Cork is a very buoyant material.软木是极易浮起的材料。

2 corks   

n.脐梅衣；软木( cork的名词复数 )；软木塞

参考例句：

• Champagne corks were popping throughout the celebrations. 庆祝会上开香槟酒瓶塞的砰砰声不绝於耳。 来自辞典例句
• Champagne corks popped, and on lace tablecloths seven-course dinners were laid. 桌上铺着带装饰图案的网织的桌布，上面是七道菜的晚餐。 来自飘（部分）

3 lighter   

n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级

参考例句：

• The portrait was touched up so as to make it lighter.这张画经过润色，色调明朗了一些。
• The lighter works off the car battery.引燃器利用汽车蓄电池打火。

4 elastic   

n.橡皮圈，松紧带；adj.有弹性的；灵活的

参考例句：

• Rubber is an elastic material.橡胶是一种弹性材料。
• These regulations are elastic.这些规定是有弹性的。

5 evergreen   

n.常青树；adj.四季常青的

参考例句：

• Some trees are evergreen;they are called evergreen.有的树是常青的，被叫做常青树。
• There is a small evergreen shrub on the hillside.山腰上有一小块常绿灌木丛。