万物简史 第136期:基本物质(8)

 　　In 1793, the Reign¹ of Terror, already intense, ratcheted up to a higher gear. In October Marie Antoinette was sent to the guillotine. The following month, as Lavoisier and his wife were making tardy² plans to slip away to Scotland, Lavoisier was arrested.

　　1793年，已经很紧张的“恐怖统治”达到了一个新的高度。10月，玛丽·安托瓦妮特被送上断头台。11月，正当拉瓦锡和他的妻子在拖拖拉拉地制订计划准备逃往苏格兰的时候，他被捕了。

　　In May he and thirty-one fellow farmers-general were brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal (in a courtroom presided over by a bust³ of Marat). Eight were granted acquittals, but Lavoisier and the others were taken directly to the Place de la Revolution (now the Place de la Concorde), site of the busiest of French guillotines. Lavoisier watched his father-in-law beheaded, then stepped up and accepted his fate. Less than three months later, on July 27, Robespierre himself was dispatched in the same way and in the same place, and the Reign of Terror swiftly ended.

　　次年5月，他和31名税务总公司的同事一起被送上了革命法庭（在一个放着马拉半身像的审判室里）。其中8人被无罪释放，但拉瓦锡和其他几人被直接带到革命广场（现在的协和广场），也就是设置法国那个最忙碌的断头台的地方。拉瓦锡望着他的岳父脑袋落地，然后走上前去接受同样的命运。不到3个月，7月27日，罗伯斯庇尔被以同样的方式、在同一地点送上了西天。恐怖统治很快结束了。

　　A hundred years after his death, a statue of Lavoisier was erected⁴ in Paris and much admired until someone pointed⁵ out that it looked nothing like him. Under questioning the sculptor⁶ admitted that he had used the head of the mathematician⁷ and philosopher the Marquis de Condorcet—apparently he had a spare—in the hope that no one would notice or, having noticed, would care. In the second regard he was correct. The statue of Lavoisier-cum-Condorcet was allowed to remain in place for another half century until the Second World War when, one morning, it was taken away and melted down for scrap⁸.

　　他去世100年以后，一座拉瓦锡的雕像在巴黎落成，受到很多人的瞻仰，直到有人指出它看上去根本不像他。在盘问之下，雕刻师承认，他用了数学家和哲学家孔多塞的头像——他显然备了一个——希望谁也不会注意到，或者即使注意到也不会在乎。他的后一种想法是正确的。拉瓦锡兼孔多塞的雕像被准许留在原地，又留了半个世纪，直到第二次世界大战爆发。一天早晨，有人把它取走，当做废铁熔化了。

1 reign   

n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势

参考例句：

• The reign of Queen Elizabeth lapped over into the seventeenth century.伊丽莎白王朝延至17世纪。
• The reign of Zhu Yuanzhang lasted about 31 years.朱元璋统治了大约三十一年。

2 tardy   

adj.缓慢的，迟缓的

参考例句：

• It's impolite to make a tardy appearance.晚到是不礼貌的。
• The boss is unsatisfied with the tardy tempo.老板不满于这种缓慢的进度。

3 bust   

vt.打破；vi.爆裂；n.半身像；胸部

参考例句：

• I dropped my camera on the pavement and bust it. 我把照相机掉在人行道上摔坏了。
• She has worked up a lump of clay into a bust.她把一块黏土精心制作成一个半身像。

4 ERECTED   

adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立

参考例句：

• A monument to him was erected in St Paul's Cathedral. 在圣保罗大教堂为他修了一座纪念碑。
• A monument was erected to the memory of that great scientist. 树立了一块纪念碑纪念那位伟大的科学家。

5 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

6 sculptor   

n.雕刻家，雕刻家

参考例句：

• A sculptor forms her material.雕塑家把材料塑造成雕塑品。
• The sculptor rounded the clay into a sphere.那位雕塑家把黏土做成了一个球状。

7 mathematician   

n.数学家

参考例句：

• The man with his back to the camera is a mathematician.背对着照相机的人是位数学家。
• The mathematician analyzed his figures again.这位数学家再次分析研究了他的这些数字。

8 scrap   

n.碎片；废料；v.废弃，报废

参考例句：

• A man comes round regularly collecting scrap.有个男人定时来收废品。
• Sell that car for scrap.把那辆汽车当残品卖了吧。