走进剑桥大学 第26期:数学巨匠华罗庚

 Hua Luogeng

数学巨匠华罗庚

Hua Luogeng was the first world-famous scholar returned from overseas upon the founding of the People's Republic of China. He fostered and educated many mathematicians² of New China, his influence lasting³ several generations. He was a fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences and the first Chinese member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since its foundation in the late 19th Century. English mathematician¹ Harry⁴ Bateman once praised Hua as “China's Einstein，” saying he was worthy⁵ to be a member of any famous science academy around the world. Mathematical accomplishments⁶ named after him include Hua's theorem, Weil-Hua inequation, Hua's inequation, Brauer-Cartan-Hua theorem and Hua matrices.

华罗庚是新中国成立后，从海外归来的第一位国际知名学者。他为新中国培养了一大批数学人才，影晌了好几代人。他是第三世界科学院院士，也是美国科学院自19世纪末成立以来的第一位中国院士。英国数学家哈利贝特曼曾把华罗庚誉为“中国的爱因斯坦”，并说他足以成为全世界所有著名科学院的院士。在国际上以华氏命名的数学科研成果就有“华氏定理”“怀依一华不等式”“华氏不等式”、“普劳威尔一加当华定理”“华氏算子”等。

In 1936, Hua went to Cambridge University to study. During the following two years, he wrote 18 articles, of which “Hua's theorem” actually persuaded the famous English mathematician G.H. Hardy⁷ to revise one of his works just before its publication. Hua also solved the problem of a complete triangle sum estimation put forward by Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss, arousing a sensation in the university and becoming regarded as the “glory of Cambridge”. After returning to China, he became a professor in Southwest Associated University and an academician of Academia Sinica (predecessor to Chinese Academy of Sciences in the PRC), His greatest work Additive⁸ Theory of Prime Numbers finished in 1942 won him First-Class honors in natural science. Later, he went to the Soviet⁹ Union and the United States to give lectures and was invited to be a researcher at Princeton Research Institute and tenured professor of Illinois University. He was the first chair of the Department of Mathematics and vice¹⁰ president of Universityof Science and Technology of China (USTC), head of Mathematics Institute and later Institute of Applied¹¹ Mathematics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), academician and vice president of CAS. In 1957, his work Harmonic analysis of functions of several complex variables in the classical domains¹² won the first prize of State inventions.

1936年，华罗庚前往剑桥大学学习。在接下来的两年时间里，他写了18篇论文， 其中关于“华氏定理”的那篇甚至说服了英国著名数学家哈代亲自操刀对其进行发表前的修改。他解决了高斯完整三角和估计的历史难题，曾在剑桥引起轰动,并被称作“剑桥的荣光”。回国后，他在西南联合大学执教，并当选为中国中央研究院士（中国科学院前身）。在1942完成的《堆垒素数论》为他在自然科学领域贏得了很高的声誉。之后，他前往原苏联和美国访问讲学，期间曾任美国普林斯顿高等研究院研究员，并被伊利诺伊大学聘为终身教授。华罗庚还曾担任中国科学院数学研究所第一任所长，中国科技大学副校长，中国数学会理事长，中国科学院应用数学研究所所长， 中国科学院副院长等职。1957年，他的《多复变数函数论中的曲型域的调和分析》为他赢得了国家发明奖的一等将。

In the beginning of the 1960s, he applied mathematics to the national economy in a creative way, sorting out optimization¹³ aiming at improving craftsmanship¹⁴ and overall planning to handle the organization and management of production. He led a team to promote the two new methods in more than 20 provinces and. municipalities around the country, achieving obvious economic profit. Early in 1964，he wrote to Chairman Mao Zedong, Mao then wrote back to him cherishing his “high aspirations” and offering his congratulations. He died of a heart attack in 1985 while giving a lecture in the University of Tokyo in Japan.

20世纪60年代初，他创造性地把数学应用于促进国家经济发展。他发现数学中的统筹法和优选法是在工农业生产中能够被普遍应用的方法，可以提高工作效率，改变工作管理方式。他带领了一个小分队前往全国20多个省市去推广统筹法和优选法， 结果取得了明显的经济成效。1964年初，他给毛主席写信，之后毛主席亲笔回函道：“诗和信己经收读。壮志凌云，可喜可贺。”1985年，他在日本东京大学讲学时因突发急性心肌梗塞而倒在了讲台上。

1 mathematician   

n.数学家

参考例句：

• The man with his back to the camera is a mathematician.背对着照相机的人是位数学家。
• The mathematician analyzed his figures again.这位数学家再次分析研究了他的这些数字。

2 mathematicians   

数学家( mathematician的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Do you suppose our mathematicians are unequal to that? 你以为我们的数学家做不到这一点吗？ 来自英汉文学
• Mathematicians can solve problems with two variables. 数学家们可以用两个变数来解决问题。 来自哲学部分

3 lasting   

adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持

参考例句：

• The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
• We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。

4 harry   

vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼

参考例句：

• Today,people feel more hurried and harried.今天，人们感到更加忙碌和苦恼。
• Obama harried business by Healthcare Reform plan.奥巴马用医改掠夺了商界。

5 worthy   

adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的

参考例句：

• I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
• There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。

6 accomplishments   

n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就

参考例句：

• It was one of the President's greatest accomplishments. 那是总统最伟大的成就之一。
• Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing. 她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

7 hardy   

adj.勇敢的，果断的，吃苦的；耐寒的

参考例句：

• The kind of plant is a hardy annual.这种植物是耐寒的一年生植物。
• He is a hardy person.他是一个能吃苦耐劳的人。

8 additive   

adj.附加的；n.添加剂

参考例句：

• Colour is often an additive in foods.颜料经常是各种食物中的添加物。
• Strict safety tests are carried out on food additives.对食品添加剂进行了严格的安全检测。

9 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

10 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

11 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

12 domains   

n.范围( domain的名词复数 )；领域；版图；地产

参考例句：

• The theory of thermodynamics links the macroscopic and submicroscopic domains. 热力学把宏观世界同亚微观世界联系起来。 来自辞典例句
• All three flow domains are indicated by shading. 所有三个流动区域都是用阴影部分表示的。 来自辞典例句

13 optimization   

n.最佳化，最优化；优选法；优化组合

参考例句：

• Development of detergents has required optimization of the surfactants structure. 发展洗涤剂时，要求使用最恰当的表面活性剂结构。 来自辞典例句
• In the case of productivity tools and other non-entertainment-oriented products, this optimization means minimizing work. 对于生产工具和其他非娱乐导向的产品而言，这意味着将工作负荷降至最低。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

14 craftsmanship   

n.手艺

参考例句：

• The whole house is a monument to her craftsmanship. 那整座房子是她技艺的一座丰碑。
• We admired the superb craftsmanship of the furniture. 我们很欣赏这个家具的一流工艺。