走进耶鲁大学 第48期:戏剧学院

 School of Drama

戏剧学院

The Yale School of Drama is a graduate professional school of Yale University providing training in every discipline of the theatre: acting¹, design (set design, costume design, lighting² design), directing, dramaturgy and dramatic criticism, play writing，stage management, sound design, technical design and production, and theater management.

耶鲁大学戏剧学院是耶鲁大学专业的研究学院，提供剧场所有相关领域的课程训练，包括：演出、设计（舞台设计、服装设计、灯光设计）、导演、戏剧作法、戏剧批评、剧本创作、舞台管理、听觉设计、技术设计与生产、剧场管理等。

The school traces its roots to the Yale Dramatic Association, the second-oldest college theatre association in the country, founded in 1900. The "Drama" produced the American premieres of Albert Camus's Caligula and Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida, as well as original works by Cole Porter, Stephen Vincent Benet, and Thornton Wilder written when they were students. This lively dramatic tradition led to the funding, in 1924，by Yale benefactor³ Edward S. Harkness, to establish the Department of Drama in the School of Fine Arts, and for the construction of the University Theatre, designed by James Gamble Rogers. George Pierce Baker⁴, a teacher of playwriting, was the first chairman of the department. The first Master of Fine Arts in drama was granted in 1931.In 1955, the department was organized as a separate professional school, the first such in the Ivy⁵ League.

耶鲁大学戏剧学院的前身是耶鲁戏剧协会，创立于1900年，是美国第二个大学戏剧团体。学院历史上产生了阿尔伯特·加缪的《罗马帝国艳情史》，莎士比亚的《特洛勒斯与克丽西德》等著名作品, 也出现了一系列原创作者,包括处于学生时代的科尔波特，斯蒂芬·文森特·贝尼特和桑顿·威尔德等。1924年，耶鲁赞助商爱德华· S· 哈克尼斯 提出筹集资金在美术学院设立戏剧系，同时为该系建立剧场，由詹姆斯·甘布尔·罗杰斯设计，剧本创作教师乔治·皮尔斯·贝克担任系主任。1931年，第一个戏剧美学硕士被授予学位。1955年，戏剧系第一次被常春藤联盟设为独立专业学院。

The School of Drama offers a Master of Fine Arts in acting, design (with emphasis on sets, costume, and lighting), directing, dramaturgy and dramatic criticism，playwriting, stage management, sound design, technical design and production, and theatre management (with a joint⁶ M.F.A./ Master of Business Administration available to management students in conjunction with the Yale School of Management). Students must hold an undergraduate degree and complete their program of study with distinction, which requires three years in residence. A Certificate in Drama is available to those students who do not hold an undergraduate degree from an accredited⁷ college, but who are admitted and complete the same training as M.F.A. students. The school also offers a Doctor of Fine Arts to students who hold an M.F.A. degree in Dramaturgy and Dramatic Criticism and have written a dissertation⁸ approved by the D.F.A. committee, and a Technical Internship⁹ Certificate to students who complete a one-year internship program of the Technical Design and Production department.

耶鲁大学戏剧学院设立了美术硕士学位，专业包括表演、设计（舞台设计、服装 设计和灯光设计）、导演、戏剧作法、戏剧批判、剧本创作、舞台管理、听觉设计、 技术设计与生产、剧场管理（与耶鲁大学管理学院建立紧密联系）等。学生必须持有大学学位证，并以突出成绩完成大学三年的所有课程才可申请硕士学位。同时该院也 对一些来自信誉度较高的学校、获得艺术硕士同等学力，但没有获得大学学位证书的学生，授予戏剧相关认证。学院还设立美术博士学位，学习戏剧批评的学生要获得艺术硕士学位，并至少有一篇获得艺术博士委员会认可的论文。如果学生完成了为期一年的技术设计和作品实习课程，还可获得学院颁发的技术实习证。

Theater has been a vibrant¹⁰ part of life at Yale. Throughout the academic year, students create their own productions, affording the public an opportunity to experience the future of the American theater today. School of Drama students spend the morning in class，with the exact number of hours varying by their year in school and their department. After 2 p.m., all classes are over, and rehearsals¹² for Yale Repertory Theatre and School of Drama productions begin. Rehearsals can last up to eight hours. After rehearsal¹¹ hours are over at 11 p.m., many students choose to continue rehearsing for productions at the Yale Cabaret. Students also participate in athletic¹³ clubs, like soccer and volleyball, and mingle¹⁴ at events with their compatriots in the Yale School of Art and Yale School of Architecture.

戏剧已经成为耶鲁大学学生生活中鲜活的一部分。通过学院的学习，学生们自己创作演出，为大众提供领略美国戏剧明天的机会。戏剧学院的学生上午上课，根据学年和系的不同上课的时数有所区别。下午两点后，所有课程都已经结束，学生们开始排练为耶鲁话剧院和戏剧学院制作的演出。排练可长达8小时。排练结束后，已经是晚上11点多。许多学生选择继续在耶鲁歌厅排练。学生还参加体育俱乐部，如足球， 排球，并与来自耶鲁艺术学院和建筑学院的同学们一起参加活动。

1 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

2 lighting   

n.照明，光线的明暗，舞台灯光

参考例句：

• The gas lamp gradually lost ground to electric lighting.煤气灯逐渐为电灯所代替。
• The lighting in that restaurant is soft and romantic.那个餐馆照明柔和而且浪漫。

3 benefactor   

n. 恩人，行善的人，捐助人

参考例句：

• The chieftain of that country is disguised as a benefactor this time. 那个国家的首领这一次伪装出一副施恩者的姿态。
• The first thing I did, was to recompense my original benefactor, my good old captain. 我所做的第一件事, 就是报答我那最初的恩人, 那位好心的老船长。

4 baker   

n.面包师

参考例句：

• The baker bakes his bread in the bakery.面包师在面包房内烤面包。
• The baker frosted the cake with a mixture of sugar and whites of eggs.面包师在蛋糕上撒了一层白糖和蛋清的混合料。

5 ivy   

n.常青藤，常春藤

参考例句：

• Her wedding bouquet consisted of roses and ivy.她的婚礼花篮包括玫瑰和长春藤。
• The wall is covered all over with ivy.墙上爬满了常春藤。

6 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

7 accredited   

adj.可接受的；可信任的；公认的；质量合格的v.相信( accredit的过去式和过去分词 )；委托；委任；把…归结于

参考例句：

• The discovery of distillation is usually accredited to the Arabs of the 11th century. 通常认为，蒸馏法是阿拉伯人在11世纪发明的。
• Only accredited journalists were allowed entry. 只有正式认可的记者才获准入内。

8 dissertation   

n.（博士学位）论文，学术演讲，专题论文

参考例句：

• He is currently writing a dissertation on the Somali civil war.他目前正在写一篇关于索马里内战的论文。
• He was involved in writing his doctoral dissertation.他在聚精会神地写他的博士论文。

9 internship   

n.实习医师，实习医师期

参考例句：

• an internship at a television station 在电视台的实习期
• a summer internship with a small stipend 薪水微薄的暑期实习

10 vibrant   

adj.震颤的，响亮的，充满活力的，精力充沛的，(色彩)鲜明的

参考例句：

• He always uses vibrant colours in his paintings. 他在画中总是使用鲜明的色彩。
• She gave a vibrant performance in the leading role in the school play.她在学校表演中生气盎然地扮演了主角。

11 rehearsal   

n.排练，排演；练习

参考例句：

• I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。
• You can sharpen your skills with rehearsal.排练可以让技巧更加纯熟。

12 rehearsals   

n.练习( rehearsal的名词复数 )；排练；复述；重复

参考例句：

• The earlier protests had just been dress rehearsals for full-scale revolution. 早期的抗议仅仅是大革命开始前的预演。
• She worked like a demon all through rehearsals. 她每次排演时始终精力过人。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 athletic   

adj.擅长运动的，强健的；活跃的，体格健壮的

参考例句：

• This area has been marked off for athletic practice.这块地方被划出来供体育训练之用。
• He is an athletic star.他是一个运动明星。

14 mingle   

vt.使混合，使相混；vi.混合起来；相交往

参考例句：

• If we mingle with the crowd,we should not be noticed.如果我们混在人群中，就不会被注意到。
• Oil will not mingle with water.油和水不相融。