【突破英文词汇】有关necessity“必要”的词汇

essence /ˈesns/

The union and management held a lengthy¹ meeting 

without getting to the essence of the men's dissatisfaction -- low wages. 

 

-- most necessary or significant part, aspect or feature; fundamental nature; core

 

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n. 本质；精髓

工会与管理层召开漫长的会议，

却无法触及工人不满的核心——低薪。

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prerequisite² /ˌpri:'rekwəzɪt/

A mark of at least 75% in Basic Art is a prerequisite for Advanced Art.

 

-- somthing required beforehand

 

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n. 先决条件

基础艺术得分在75分以上是续修高等艺术的先决条件。

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entail³ /inˈteil/

Can your family afford the extra expense that a larger apartment entails⁴?

 

-- involve as a necessary consequence; impose; require

 

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vt. 需要

你的家庭负担得起较大公寓所需的额外费用吗？

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necessitate⁵ /nə'sesɪteɪt/

Mr. Brown told Ellen that her refusal to work necessitates⁶ his sending for her parents.

 

-- make necessary; require; demand 

 

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vt. 需要

布朗先生告诉埃伦，他必须告诉他父母他拒绝工作的事。

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oblige /əˈblaidʒ/

If your friend were in trouble, wouldn't you feel obliged to go to his help?

 

-- compel; force; put under a duty or obiligation

 

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vi. 强迫；使负有义务

如果朋友有困难，你不觉得有义务帮他吗？

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obviate⁷ /'ɒbvɪeɪt/

Helen has agreed to lend me the book I need. This obviates⁸ my trip to the library.

 

-- make unnecessary; preclude⁹

 

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vt. 排除；使不必要

海伦同意把我需要的书借给我，这使我不必跑图书馆了。

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compulsory¹⁰ /kəmˈpʌlsəri/

State law makes attendence at school compulsory for children of certain ages.

 

-- required by authority; obligatory¹¹

 

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adj. 义务的；必须做的

州法律规定，达到一定年龄的小孩都必须上学。

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gratuitous¹² /ɡrə'tju:ɪtəs/

Were it not for your gratuitous interference, the children would have quickly settled their dispute.

 

-- uncalled for; unwarranted

 

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adj. 没必要的

要不是你多余的干涉，孩子们也许很快就会停止争论的。

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imperative¹³ /ɪm'perətɪv/

If you failed a subject you need for graduation, it is imperative that you go to summer school.

 

-- not to be avoided; urgent; necessary; obligatory; compulsory

 

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adj. 必须的；紧急的

如果有一门必修课不及格，你就必须去上暑期学校。

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incumbent¹⁴ /ɪn'kʌmbənt/

Dan felt it incumbent on him to pay for the window, since he had hit the ball that broke it.

 

-- (with on or upon) imposed as a duty; obligatory

 

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adj. 使负有义务的

丹觉得他有义务赔偿这块玻璃，因为这是他打球时弄破的。

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indispensable /ˌɪndisˈpensəbl/

We can do without luxuries and entertainment. 

However, food, shelter and clothing are indispensable.

 

-- absolutely necessary; essential

 

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adj. 不可缺少的

我们可以不要奢侈品和娱乐，

但是食物、住所和衣服却是不可缺少的，

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pressing /ˈpresɪŋ/

Before preparing for tomorrow's party, I have some more pressing matters to attend to,

such as finishing my report.

 

-- requiring immediate¹⁵ attention; urgent

 

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adj. 急切的

在为明天的宴会做准备前，我有更急切的事要办，比如完成报告。

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superfluous¹⁶ /su:ˈpɜ:fluəs/

Since we already have enough food for the picnic, 

please don't bring any because it will only be superfluous.

 

-- more than what is enough or necessary; surplus; excessive; unnecessary

 

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adj. 多余的

我们野餐所需的食物已经足够了，请别带任何吃的来，

因为那只会是多余的。

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1 lengthy   

adj.漫长的，冗长的

参考例句：

• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
• The professor wrote a lengthy book on Napoleon.教授写了一部有关拿破仑的巨著。

2 prerequisite   

n.先决条件；adj.作为前提的，必备的

参考例句：

• Stability and unity are a prerequisite to the four modernizations.安定团结是实现四个现代化的前提。
• It is a prerequisite of entry to the profession that you pass the exams.做这一行的先决条件是要通过了有关的考试。

3 entail   

vt.使承担，使成为必要，需要

参考例句：

• Such a decision would entail a huge political risk.这样的决定势必带来巨大的政治风险。
• This job would entail your learning how to use a computer.这工作将需要你学会怎样用计算机。

4 entails   

使…成为必要( entail的第三人称单数 )； 需要； 限定继承； 使必需

参考例句：

• The job entails a lot of hard work. 这工作需要十分艰苦的努力。
• This job entails a lot of hard work. 这项工作需要十分努力。

5 necessitate   

v.使成为必要，需要

参考例句：

• Your proposal would necessitate changing our plans.你的提议可能使我们的计划必须变更。
• The conversion will necessitate the complete rebuilding of the interior.转变就必需完善内部重建。

6 necessitates   

使…成为必要，需要( necessitate的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The increase in population necessitates a greater food supply. 人口的增加需要更多食物供应。
• Your proposal necessitates borrowing money. 你的提议使借款成为必要。

7 obviate   

v.除去，排除，避免，预防

参考例句：

• Improved public transportation would obviate the need tor everyone to have their own car.公共交通的改善消除了每人都要有车的必要性。
• This deferral would obviate pressure on the rouble exchange rate.这一延期将消除卢布汇率面临的压力。

8 obviates   

v.避免，消除（贫困、不方便等）( obviate的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• This new evidence obviates the need for any further enquiries. 这项新证据排除了继续调查的必要。
• The new road obviates the need to drive through the town. 有了新路，车辆不必再穿行市区了。 来自辞典例句

9 preclude   

vt.阻止，排除，防止；妨碍

参考例句：

• We try to preclude any possibility of misunderstanding.我们努力排除任何误解的可能性。
• My present finances preclude the possibility of buying a car.按我目前的财务状况我是不可能买车的。

10 compulsory   

n.强制的，必修的；规定的，义务的

参考例句：

• Is English a compulsory subject?英语是必修课吗？
• Compulsory schooling ends at sixteen.义务教育至16岁为止。

11 obligatory   

adj.强制性的，义务的，必须的

参考例句：

• It is obligatory for us to obey the laws.我们必须守法。
• It is obligatory on every citizen to safeguard our great motherland.保卫我们伟大的祖国是每一个公民应尽的义务。

12 gratuitous   

adj.无偿的，免费的；无缘无故的，不必要的

参考例句：

• His criticism is quite gratuitous.他的批评完全没有根据。
• There's too much crime and gratuitous violence on TV.电视里充斥着犯罪和无端的暴力。

13 imperative   

n.命令，需要；规则；祈使语气；adj.强制的；紧急的

参考例句：

• He always speaks in an imperative tone of voice.他老是用命令的口吻讲话。
• The events of the past few days make it imperative for her to act.过去这几天发生的事迫使她不得不立即行动。

14 incumbent   

adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的

参考例句：

• He defeated the incumbent governor by a large plurality.他以压倒多数票击败了现任州长。
• It is incumbent upon you to warn them.你有责任警告他们。

15 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

16 superfluous   

adj.过多的，过剩的，多余的

参考例句：

• She fined away superfluous matter in the design. 她删去了这图案中多余的东西。
• That request seemed superfluous when I wrote it.我这样写的时候觉得这个请求似乎是多此一举。