【突破英文词汇】ant, anti -- against 反抗

1. antagonist¹ /ænˈtægənɪst/

-- 1. one who is against or contends with another in a struggle, fight or contest; opponent; adversary²; foe³

2. main opponent of the principle character in a play, novel or story

Japan was our antagonist in World War II.

日本在第二次世界大战中是我们的敌人。

Brutus is the main character in William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar and Antony is his antagonist.

布鲁特斯在威廉·莎士比亚的作品《尤利乌斯·凯撒》中是主角，而安东尼是与他对立的角色。

 

2. antibiotic⁴ /ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk/

-- substance obtained from tiny living organisms that works against bacteria 

The antibiotic penicillin⁵ stops the growth of bacteria causing pneumonia⁶, tonsillitis and certain other diseases.

抗生素青霉素阻止了肺炎细菌、扁桃体细菌还有其他某些疾病细菌的生长繁殖。

 

3. antibody /ˈæntibɒdi/

-- substance in the blood or tissues that works against germs or poisons produced by germs

When the body is invaded by foreign agents such as bacteria or viruses, the antibodies go to work against them.

当身体被外来的作用物如细菌、过滤性病毒侵入，抗体就会发生作用去抵抗他们。

 

4. antidote⁷ /'æntɪdəʊt/

-- remedy that acts against the effects of a poison

By telephone, the physician prescribed the exact antidote to be given immediately to the poison victim.

医生通过电话立即给那位中毒的受害者开了正确的解毒剂。

 

5. antipathy⁸ /æn'tɪpəθɪ/

-- feeling against; distaste; repugnance⁹; dislike; enmity

A few of the neighbors have an antipathy to dogs, but most are fond of them.

有一些邻居很讨厌狗，但大多数都很喜欢。

 

6. antiseptic /ˌæntɪ'septɪk/

-- (literally, "against decaying") substance that prevents infection

The wound was carefully washed; then an antiseptic, tincture of iodine¹⁰, was applied¹¹.

伤口被仔细地清洗了，然后涂上消毒剂碘酒。

 

7. antitoxin /ˌæntɪ'tɒksɪn/

-- substance formed in the body as the result of the introduction of a toxin¹²(poison) and capable of acting¹³ against the toxin

We are injected with diphtheria antitoxin produced in horses because the antitoxin manufactured by our bodies may not be enough to prevent diphtheria.

我们注射从马身上制造出来的白喉抗毒素，因为我们体内的抗毒素可能不足以抵御白喉。

 

8. antonym¹⁴ /ˈæntənɪm/

-- word meaning the opposite of another word; opposite

"Temporary" is the antonym of "permanent".

“暂时”是“永久”的反义词。

1 antagonist   

n.敌人，对抗者，对手

参考例句：

• His antagonist in the debate was quicker than he.在辩论中他的对手比他反应快。
• The thing is to know the nature of your antagonist.要紧的是要了解你的对手的特性。

2 adversary   

adj.敌手，对手

参考例句：

• He saw her as his main adversary within the company.他将她视为公司中主要的对手。
• They will do anything to undermine their adversary's reputation.他们会不择手段地去损害对手的名誉。

3 foe   

n.敌人，仇敌

参考例句：

• He knew that Karl could be an implacable foe.他明白卡尔可能会成为他的死敌。
• A friend is a friend;a foe is a foe;one must be clearly distinguished from the other.敌是敌，友是友，必须分清界限。

4 antibiotic   

adj.抗菌的；n.抗生素

参考例句：

• The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
• Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。

5 penicillin   

n.青霉素，盘尼西林

参考例句：

• I should have asked him for a shot of penicillin.我应当让他给我打一针青霉素的。
• Penicillin was an extremely significant medical discovery.青霉素是极其重要的医学发现。

6 pneumonia   

n.肺炎

参考例句：

• Cage was struck with pneumonia in her youth.凯奇年轻时得过肺炎。
• Pneumonia carried him off last week.肺炎上星期夺去了他的生命。

7 antidote   

n.解毒药，解毒剂

参考例句：

• There is no known antidote for this poison.这种毒药没有解药。
• Chinese physicians used it as an antidote for snake poison.中医师用它来解蛇毒。

8 antipathy   

n.憎恶；反感，引起反感的人或事物

参考例句：

• I feel an antipathy against their behaviour.我对他们的行为很反感。
• Some people have an antipathy to cats.有的人讨厌猫。

9 repugnance   

n.嫌恶

参考例句：

• He fought down a feelings of repugnance.他抑制住了厌恶感。
• She had a repugnance to the person with whom she spoke.她看不惯这个和她谈话的人。

10 iodine   

n.碘，碘酒

参考例句：

• The doctor painted iodine on the cut.医生在伤口上涂点碘酒。
• Iodine tends to localize in the thyroid.碘容易集于甲状腺。

11 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

12 toxin   

n.毒素，毒质

参考例句：

• Experts have linked this condition to a build-up of toxins in the body.专家已把这一病症与体内毒素的积累联系起来。
• Tests showed increased levels of toxin in shellfish.检验表明水生有壳动物的毒素水平提高了。

13 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

14 antonym   

n.反义词

参考例句：

• "Long" is the antonym of "short".“长”是“短”的反义词。
• Give the synonym and antonym of this word.给出这个词的同义词和反义词。